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从内容上看,此题型涉及的面较广,主要有:①句子功能方面的转换。包括陈述句(肯定与否定)、四种题疑问句、祈使句、感叹句的转换;②句子结构方面的转换。即简单句、复合句、并列句之间的转换;③语态的转换。即主动语态与被动语态之间的转换;④常用句型与词汇手段的转换。
Ⅲ.具体分类如下
一、陈述句与疑问句、祈使句、感叹句间的转换
1、陈述句中肯定句变为否定句,大部分是用not来改变谓语结构,但也有借用否定意义的词,如nothing, nobody, none, neither, little, few, never, hardly等,例如::
Tom does well in maths. → Tom doesn’t do in maths.
2、改为疑问句。根据上下句的结构和词的减少,来判断变为哪一种形式的疑问句。例如:
My brother often has breakfast at school. →
Does your brother often have breakfast at school?
3、改为感叹句。根据所给的句子结构和单词的词性,来确定使用哪一种感叹句的形式,例如:
This is an interesting book. →
What an interesting book this is! 或 How interesting this book is!
二.对划线部分提问
该类型的题目主要是考查学生对疑问句的结构,语序以及某些特定疑问句类型的掌握情况。解答这类题目,正确选择疑问词是关键:考生必须准确把握常见疑问词所提问题的侧重点。在中考中常见的提问句式有以下几种情况:
对主语或表语的人提问时用who... 语序分两种情况:(1)对主语提问时,语序为陈述语序。即:Who+谓语动词+...? (2)对表语提问时,语序为一般疑问句语序。即:Who+系动词+主语+...?
二、同义句的相互转换
这是句子改写的一种重要形式,它涉及面广,语言点多,方式灵活,是中考命题的热点。同义句的相互转换除了考查主动句与被动句,复合句与简单句之间的转换,直接引语变间接引语外,还有一些词或短语的替换,仅仅通过替换几个词或短语,而使句子意思不变,就能达到异曲同工之妙。常用方法有以下几种情况:
1.用同义词(组)或近义词(组)改写,如:enjoy oneself = have a good time; over = more than
2.用反义词(组)改写,如:the same as/different from; catch up with/fall behind 等3.运用派生词或多义词改写:如:
The snow was heavy last night.(改写同义句)→ It snowed heavily last night.
4.用意义相同或相近,但结构不同的句式改写。如:not...so/as...与less...than; than any other与最高级;take(花费)与cost, spend, pay for 之间的改写。两类感叹句的转换;以及it 做形式主语等;
5. 合并分句法,包括用either...or, both...and, neither...nor, not only...but also等关联词合并,注意动词形式的变化。
6、简单句与复合句之间的转换。
7、主动语与被动语态的互变。
【预习内容检测】
1. She had nothing for breakfast. (改为反意疑问句)
She had nothing for breakfast, _______ _______?
2. Li Lei does his homework at seven. (改为否定句)
Li Lei ________ ________ his homework at seven.
3. His sister had lunch at school yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ his sister _________ lunch at school yesterday?