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whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略如介词提前则不能省)
which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
小 结:关系代词的用法
关系代词在从句中可以:
指人指物主语宾语thatwhichwhowhom
Step4:
一、以that与which引导的定语从句
that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
1.通常只能用that的情况
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时
I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5) 先行词既有人,又有物时 。
Look at these flowers and teachers that we visited.
(6) 主句是以疑问词who 或者which 开头的特殊疑问句时
Who is the boy that is playing football.
2.通常只用which的情况
(1)引导非限定性定语从句,用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。
(2)引导非限定性定语从句,而且先行词指物时只能用which,不用that。
(3)如果句中有两个定语从句,如果两个从句都可以用that引导,那么其中一个应改用which引导。
二、以who,whom与whose引导的定语从句
(1)如果先行词是指人的不定代词anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,nobody,one,ones,those,all(指人)等作先行词,作主语用who,作宾语用whom。who而不用which。
(2)在非限制性定语从句中,指人作主语用who,作宾语用whom,who。
(3)在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词只能用whose,它相当于the+名词+of +which/whom;非限制性定语从句中还有 “代词/数词+of +which/whom"结构。