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Teaching procedures:
Step 1 Lead-in
Show the front cover of the book the Hound of Baskervilles and ask the students:
Have you read the book? Do you like the book? Why?
Do you know who wrote it?
Introduce Conan Doyle and Holmes briefly.
[设计意图] “阅读就是培养学生预测、分析、推断、综合、概括、质疑等思维能力的重要渠道”(付薇,2015:p.18)。通过与学生之间的互动问答,一步一步引导学生重视读前的背景知识,如作者撰写作品的相关背景、作品的文体特征、作品的导读内容等等,让学生对小说的大致情况有所了解,有利于学生阅读这部语篇较长、生词较多、剧情复杂、推理甚多的侦探小说,有利于学生提高对文本理解的清晰度和对案情的预测、分析与推理的准确性。
Step 2 Comprehension
Ask the students what the book is about:
What is the hound? How do you feel when you look at the hound?
What happened to the hound at last?
Is “the Baskervilles” the name of a place? What happened to the Baskervilles?
What’s the relationship between the hound and the Baskervilles?
Complete the main idea of the book with the right words or phrases.
[设计意图] 就小说标题The Hound of the Baskervilles与学生进行互动交流,引导学生关注小说标题所承载的信息;引导学生关注小说序言中的导读内容,让学生快速浏览整本书的内容提要寻找答案。引导学生再次快速阅读小说的Chapter 1-3内容,并让学生用英语简单陈述其主要内容; 通过引导学生陈述小说的开篇,笔者顺利地将学生引入了这起侦探故事的情境之中,并且发现了诸多可疑之处,如“猎狗杀死Sir Charles为何没有痕迹?威胁信为何不是手写?Sir Henry为何只丢掉一只靴子?跟踪的人与发出威胁信的人是同一个人吗?”等等,激发学生“悦读”下文弄清故事的真相,更期望看到福尔摩斯和华生怎么去寻找线索、解答疑惑、排除嫌犯、寻获真凶。
Ask students to name the main characters of the book.
Ask the group of the relationships of characters to present what they have found.
Ask the students to divide the characters into four types in a detective story: detectives, victims, witnesses and suspects.
[设计意图] 余文森(2009)指出“直观可以使抽象的知识具体化、形象化,有助于学生感性认识的形成,并促进理性认识的发展”(转引自陈玉卿,2012)。Buzan(1993)认为“思维导图意在协助学生解构阅读过程中错综复杂的内容和内在关联”(转引自付薇,2015)。因此,通过引导学生小组合作研讨小说中人物并合理分类、绘制思维导图的过程,帮助学生更好地理解侦探故事中的人物及关系,有利于本组和其他小组更好地呈现案件的发展过程并对案情进行更为细致地梳理与推理,有利于学生查阅相关资料了解更多的侦探故事背景知识。
Step 3 Exclusion
Go on reading and analyze one doubtful point of the case after another.
Task One: Excluding Dr Mortimer
Show part of the character diagram and ask the students why Holmes and Watson didn’t think Dr Mortimer was a suspect?
Ask the students to offer evidence on whether Holmes believed what Dr Mortimer said---the hound in the legend killed Sir Charles.
Is this a fairy tale?
Is Sir Henry the only heir?
Ask the students to find out what strange things made Holmes and Watson puzzled?
(a strange letter, one missing boot and a man with a black beard in a cab)
[设计意图] 教师通过与Dr Mortimer小组学生之间的互动,为其他小组展示“猜疑”的分析与推理做了示范,引导学生注意深度思考去挖掘案件疑点、排除无谓的猜测,各组学生的深度思维能力展现无遗,学生的语言输出出乎意料,完美实现了笔者的“人人都是嫌疑犯”的教学设计。
Task Two: Excluding the Barrymores