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必修5《Grammar》新课标教案优质课下载
Adverbial clauses are less than (subordinate to) sentences. They do not contain a complete thought.
Adverbial clauses always modify the verb in the main clause (the sentence) to which the adverbial clause is attached.
An adverbial clause tells how, when, why, how much, to what extent and under what conditions the action in the main clause takes place.
Adverbial clauses always begin with a subordinating conjunction. The most common subordinating conjunctions are listed below.
Before, after, unless
Although, if, until
As, in order that, when
As, since, whenever
as long as, so that, where
as soon as, than, wherever
because, though, while
Adverbial clauses, like all subordinate clauses, are structured in the same way all sentences are structured. All adverbial clauses will fall into one of the five sentence patterns that have already been described.
Examples
The whole country was saddened when Oswald assassinated Kennedy.
When is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause which modifies was saddened. Oswald is the subject of the clause. Assassinated is the action verb which transfers its action to the direct object, which is Kennedy, all of which makes this clause transitive active.
Little Joe was punished because the window was broken.
Because is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause. Window is the subject. Was is the helping verb, and broken is the action verb which transfers its action back to the subject making this clause transitive passive or pattern #2.
Since the boy was disruptive, he was expelled from school.
Since is the subordinating conjunction introducing this adverbial clause which modifies was in the main clause. Window is the subject of the clause. Was is the helping verb, and disruptive is the predicate adjective making the clause intransitive linking or pattern #4.
Note that the natural order of an adverbial clause is after the main clause. However, an adverbial clause is okay at the beginning of a sentence. If it comes at the beginning, however, a comma is used to separate it from the main clause.
Can you determine the correct pattern number of the following examples of adverbial clauses?
Franklin Roosevelt served as Governor of New York before he became President of the United States.
If we continue burning fossil fuels, the temperature of the earth will rise.
Agatha made coffee as I cooked the bacon.
Since Grandfather died, I have been lonely.