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师梦圆高中英语教材同步译林版模块六 Module VI Making a better worldGrammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions下载详情
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译林2003课标版《Grammar and usage(1): Unreal conditions》集体备课教案优质课下载

(1)表示能力,如:He can speak English better than you.

(2)在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”,如:Can this green bike be Liu Dong's?

(3)表示“许可”时can可以和may换用,如:You can (may) go home now.

(4)如果要表示语气婉转,可用could代替can,这时could不再是can的过去式,如:Could you come again tomorrow? (5)can和be able to都可表示能力,两者在意思上没有什么区别。但是can只能有现在式和过去式,而be able to则有更多的形式,如:He will be able to do the work better.

2、may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法

(1)表示允许或征询对方许可,有“可以”之意,如:You may use my dictionary. 在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时,一般多不用may或 may not,以避免语气生硬或不容气。而用比较婉转的说法进行回答。如:---- May I use this dictionary? ---- Yes, please. 或 ---- Certainly. 在请求对方许可时,如果Might I…? 就比用May I…? 语气更婉转些,如:May I have a look at your new computer? 但是表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事时,要用must not代替may not,如:---- May we swim in this lake? ---- No, you mustn’t. It’s too dangerous.

(2)may或 might都可以表示可能性,表示“或许”、“可能”之意,如果用might表示可能性,则语气更加不肯定,如:They may (might) be in the library now .

3、must的基本用法

(1)must表示“必须”、“应该”之意,其否定式 must not,缩写形式为 mustn't,表示“不应该”,“不准”、“不许可”或“禁止”之意,如:We must study hard and make progress every day. You mustn't touch the fire.

(2)对以must提出的疑问句,如作否定回答时,要用needn't或用don't (doesn't) have to (不 必)来回答,而不用mustn't,因为mustn't表示的是“禁止”或“不许可”之意,如:---- Must we finish the work tomorrow? ---- No, you needn't (don't have to), but you must finish?? it in three days.

(3)在肯定句中must可以表示推测,表示“一定”或“必定”之意,如:---- Whose new bike can it be? ---- It must be Liu Dong's. I know his father has just bought him a new one.

4、can, could, may, must后接完成式的用法

(1)can, could后接完成式的用法:①在否定句或疑问句中表示对过去发生过的事情的“怀疑”或“不肯定”的态度,Could he have said so? ②在肯定句中,可以表示过去可能做到而实际并没做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气。如:---- When did you answer her letter? ---- Only yesterday. ---- It's too late. You could have answered it earlier, I am sure.

(2)may, might后接完成式的用法 ①表示对过去某事的推测,认为某一件事情在过去可能发生了。如果使用might,语气就比较婉转或更加不肯定,如:Mary might have learned some Chinese before. ②可以表示过去本来可以做到而实 际没有做到的事情,有“劝告”或“责备”的语气,如:You didn't do the work well that day. You might have done it better.

(3)must后接完成式的用法:表示对过去某事的推测,认为某事在过去一定做到 了,如:Liu Dong isn’t in the classroom. He must have gone to the library.

5、have to 的基本用法

have to和must的意义相近,只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,而have to 则表示客观需要?

6、ought to的基本用法

(l)表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事,语气比should强,例如:Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. (2)表示推测,注意与must表示推测时的区别:He must be home by now .(断定他已到家),He ought to be home by now .(不十分肯定),This is where the oil must be.(比较直率) ,This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) ;(3)“ought + have+ 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而 实际未做。例如:You ought to have helped him. (but you didn’t) 这时,ought与 should可以互相换用。注意,在美国英语中ought to 用于否定和疑问句时to可以省略。例如:Ought you smoke so much? You oughtn’t smoke so much.

7、dare的基本用法

(l)dare (dared为其过去式) 作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句,疑问句和条件从句中,如:Dared he bread the traffic regulations again? (2)在现代英语中dare常用作行为动词,其变化与一般行为动词相同,如:She dares to stay at home alone at night.

8、need的基本用法

(1)need作情态动词用时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,如:He needn't worry about us now. (2)need也可作为行为动词用,可用于肯定句,否定句和疑问句中,其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带 to 的动词不定式为其宾语。如:You need to practise reading aloud every day. (3)needn't后接完成式可以表示过去做了一件本来不必要做的事情,如:---- Did you answer the letter yesterday? ---- Yes, I did. ---- But you needn’t have answered it.

9、shall的基本用法

(1)shall用作情态动词时,用于第二、三人称,表示说活人的意愿,可表示“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意,如:He shall go first, whether he wants to or not.

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