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关系代词who用来代替先行词为人的名词或代词,并在定语从句中充当主语,不可省略。此时,who不能译成“谁”,而是理解为所替代的先行词。
e.g. Do you know the boy? He is always late for school
→Do you know the boywhois always late for school?
你认识上学总迟到的那个男孩吗?
在上面的例句中,the boy被who引导的定语从句修饰,who代替the boy(指人)并在从句中作主语。
2.由关系代词that引导的定语从句
关系代词that用来代替先行词为人、物的名词或代词.并在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时,指人可与who替换,指物可与which替换,作宾语时可省略。
e.g. The book is interesting.It cost me a lot of money
这本书很有趣。它花了我很多钱。
→The bookthat(=which)cost me a lot of money is interesting.
花了我很多钱的那本书很有趣。
The hero is a PLA man.He saved me from the fire.
英雄是位解放军战士。他把我从火中救出来。
→The hero that(=who)saved me from the fire is a PLA man.
把我从火中救出来的英雄是位解放军战士。
The book is well written.I bought it yesterday.
那本书很好。我昨天买的。
→The book(that/which)I bought yesterday is well written.
我昨天买的那本书写得很好。
3.由关系代词which引导的定语从句
关系代词which用来代替先行词为物的名词或代词,并在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时,指物可与that替换,作宾语时可省略。但如果作介词宾语,并且介词提前,则不能省略,也不可换为that。
e.g. This is the room(which/that)I painted last week .(作宾语,可省略)
这就是我昨天粉刷的房间。
This is the magazine about which we were talking.
=This is the magazine(which/that)we were talking about .
这就是我们刚才谈论的那本杂志。
4.由关系代词whom引导的定语从句。
关系代词whom用来代替先行词为人名或代词,并在从句中作宾语,可省略。但如果作介词宾语,并且介词提前,则不能省略,也不可换为who。
e.g. He is the man(whom)/(=who)I met in the street last week .
他就是我上星期在街上遇见的那个人。