高三下册《Appendix I Strategies》新课标PPT课件优质课下载

高三下册《Appendix I Strategies》新课标PPT课件优质课下载

②干扰选项：以偏概全、过度概括、断章取义、张冠李戴。

二. How to deal with questions on topics.

1.Questions on main idea of a paragraph.

★Common forms of questions：：

What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2 ?

What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? ……

★Analysis of mistakes：：

考生没有掌握归纳段落大意题的方法，即：寻找主题句，或者容易主观臆断，轻率断定某项为正确答案。

Sample 1

①The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages. ②In the 4th century B.C. , painters followed Alexander the Great into battle, hoping to picture his victories for his admirers. ③When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century, his sold-out readings attracted thousands of fans, leading him to complain about his lack of privacy. ④Tabloids(小报) of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.

Summary of methods：

★ 如果该段落先点出主题，然后围绕这个主题做陈述，那么主题句就在段首，一般在议论文、说明文、新闻稿中常采用这种格式。

Sample 2

① Americans might be embarrassed because their Japanese friends are so formal with them. ② Japanese might feel insulted because American acquaintances greet them casually. ③ Still, the forms of greeting in both countries only show respect for others. ④ It just happens that Americans and Japanese have a different way of looking at human relationships and thus have a different way of showing respect.

Summary of methods：

★ 如果该段先摆出事实依据，然后层层推理，最后得出结论，那么主题句就在段末，一般在夹叙夹议的记叙文中常采用这种格式。

Sample 3

① Ireland has had a very difficult history. ② The problems started in the 16th century when English rulers tried to conquer Ireland. ③ For hundreds of years , the Irish people fought against the English. ④ Finally, in 1921, the British government was forced to give independence to the south of Ireland. ⑤The result is that today there are two “Irelands”. ⑥Northern Ireland, in the north, is part of the United Kingdom. ⑦ The Republic of Ireland , in the south, is an independent country.

分析：作者首先提出“爱尔兰有一段艰难历史”的问题，然后用历史史实给予了回答，之后点出主题，即“现在的结果是有‘两个’爱尔兰”，最后对这个主题给予了解释。

Summary of methods：

★如果该段先介绍背景或细节，接着用一句综合性的话来概括之前所列举的事例，然后再围绕这个主题深入阐述，那么主题句就在段中，但不是就在正中间。

Sample 4

① Working with a group of baboons in the Namibian desert, Dr. Alecia Carter of the Department of Zoology, Cambridge University set baboons learning tasks involving a novel food and a familiar food hidden in a box. ②Some baboons were given the chance to watch another baboon who already knew how to solve the task, while others had to learn for themselves. ③To work out how brave or anxious the baboons were, Dr. Carter presented them either with a novel food or a threat in the form of a model of a poisonous snake.

Sample 4

分析：该段落有三个句子，第一句作者描述的是将新奇和熟悉的食物藏在一个盒子里，有些狒狒观看另一只是如何完成任务的，有些则需自学完成；第二句描述的是为弄清狒狒有多么勇敢或焦虑，要么给他们展示新奇的食物，要么是毒蛇模型。经过分析，这三句都不能独立成为该段主题句，因此该段无明显主题句，需要将信息分析、归纳。这三个句子都是对实验过程的描述，因此该段的主题是Dr. Carte的研究设计。