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外研2003课标版《Grammar》新课标PPT课件优质课下载
b. 状语从句 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示 “原本……，未能……”
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as。 e.g.: 1. He said that he had learned some
English before. 2. By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
What can you see from the following sentences?
1. By the time the tornado ended, more
than 700 people had been killed.
2. Coghlan traveled back to Canada after
he had been buried in Texas.
The past perfect passive
过去完成时被动语态：
动作在过去某一时刻之前已经完成, 且谓语动词与发出这一动作的主语存在______关系(主动/被动)。
句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导时间状语。
被动
The classroom had been cleaned before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室就已经被打扫干净了。
过去完成时被动语态的肯定结构:
_____________________。
had been + 过去分词
过去完成时被动语态的否定结构：
e.g. The classroom __________________
before the teacher came.
老师进来前教室还没被打扫干净