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译林2003课标版《Grammar and usage(1)： Introduction to attributive clauses》优质课PPT课件下载
关系代词 which, that, who, whom, whose, as的基本用法及区分
1. which指物，that 指其前的人或物，who指人，在从句中which，that和who作从句中的主语或宾语，who作宾语可以代替whom,作宾语时可省略。如：
The train which/that was going to Shanghai was late. (指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略)
The man (that) you saw just now is our teacher. (that指人，在从句中作宾语，可省略）
which 可引导一种非限制性定语从句，代表主句所表达的意思, 例如：
He owes a large sum of money to the bank, which is not a secret.
Mary failed again in the exam, which all of us didn’t believe at all.
下面几种情况只能用that 引导定语从句，不能用which ：
(1)先行词为下列不定代词 all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等时:
(2)先行词被下列词all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等修饰时:
(3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时:
Everything that can be done has been done.
I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
This is the best films (that) I have ever seen.
It was the first time that I had been in Beijing.
(4) 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰时：
(5) 先行词既有人又有物时：
(6) 在以 who、which 开头的特殊疑问句中, 以避免重复：
This is the very book (that) I am after.
He spoke of the men and the things (that) he had seen abroad.
Who is the girl that is standing over there?
Which is the car that hit the boy?
2. who, whom 指人，在从句中who可作主语和宾语，whom只作宾语，that可代用who和whom。whom 作宾语时可用who 替代，也可省略。
The boy who/that helped you is my brother. (who指代“the boy”, 在从句中作主语，不能省略)
The man (whom/who/that) you saw just now is our teacher. (引导词在从句中作 saw 的宾语，可以省略)