人教2003课标版《Learning about Language》精品PPT课件优质课下载

人教2003课标版《Learning about Language》精品PPT课件优质课下载

限制性定语从句(restrictive

非限制性定语从句（ non-　　　　　restrictive ）

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.? 老师告诉我说汤姆是我唯一的可以依靠的人。

His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.?他妈妈十分地爱他，对他要求很严格。

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定语从句

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句都是修饰名词和代词的一种从句，两者虽然性质相同，但在意义上和用法上有许多不同。

　　1.限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，书写时不用逗号分开。例如：

　　I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。

　　He has found the hammer that he was looking for.他找到了他正在寻找的那把锤子。

2.非限制性定语从句同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。

例如说“He has two brothers.”时，句意已经很明确了，但若要进一步说明“two brothers”的情况，可以在其后面加上 who live in Guilin 或 who can speak English 等非限制性定语从句。故非限制性定语从句仅仅是对意思已经相当明确的先行词加以补充说明，不起限制的作用。这类定语从句在书写时大多用逗号与主句分开。例如：

　　Last week I met John, who seemed to be very excited.上星期我见到了约翰，他好像很兴奋。

　　The project, which lasted two years, cost five million dollars. 这项工程历时两年，耗资五百万美元。

3.非限制性定语从句对所谈及的人或事物只提供进一步的说明或解释，它形式上是一个从句，但在功能上相当于一个分句，在意义上相当于一个状语，故可根据其句意改为并列句或状语从句。例如：

　　The meeting, which was held in the park, was attended by 1000 people.

→The meeting was attended by 1000 people, and it was held in the park. 那次会议有一千人参加，它是在公园里举行的。

　　I don't like the boy, who is very lazy.

→I don't like the boy, since he is very lazy. 我不喜欢这个男孩, (因为)他太懒惰了。

4.关系代词 who，whom，which 在限制性定语从句中作动词的宾语时往往可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。值得注意的是，关系代词 that 可引导限制性定语从句，但一般不可引导非限制性定语从句。例如：

　　I know the man (whom) you mean. 我认识你指的那个人。

　　I happened to meet Li Hong, whom I didn't recognize at once. 我碰巧遇到李红，但并没有马上认出她来。

　　These are the pictures (that / which) I took in Guilin.这些是我在桂林拍的照片。

　　These apple trees, which I planted three years ago, have not borne any fruit.这些苹果树是我三年前栽的，还没有结过果实。(不可将 which 改为 that)

5.限制性定语从句对先行词起限制的作用，非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明的作用，故两者的意义往往有别。例如：