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1.?表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
e.g. –Have you had your lunch yet?
–Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. (现在我不饿了。)
时间状语：already, yet, just, ever, never, before
2.?表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。
??e.g. I haven’t seen her these days.
? I’ve known Bob for three years.
? I’ve been at this school for over two years.
构成：Have /has(助动词) +Vp.p
句式：
1.?肯定句： 主语?+ have / has +?过去分词?(+?其它)
2.?否定句： 主语?+ have / has + not +?过去分词(+?其它)
3.?一般疑问句：have/ has +?主语?+?过去分词(+?其它)？
动词过去式与过去分词的变化: 规则动词的过去分词构成与过去式相同，不规则动词的过去分词则需逐个记忆。
规则变化：
1.?一般加ed。如：pick?→?picked?→?picked; wish?→?wished?→?wished; stay?→?stayed?→?stayed
2.?以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like?→?liked?→?liked; phone?→?phoned?→?phoned
3.?以“辅音字母?+ y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study?→?studied?→?studied;
4.?以辅元辅结尾的，双写再加-ed。如：
stop→?stopped?→?stopped; clap?→?clapped?→?clapped
不规则变化：
5.?以不变应万变。如：let?→?let?→?let; put?→?put?→?put; read?→?read?→?read
6.?若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel?→?felt?→?felt; keep?→?kept?→kept; sleep?→?slept?→?slept
7.?结尾的字母d变t。如：lend?→?lent?→?lent; build?→?built?→?built; send?→?sent?→?sent
8.?变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy?→?bought?→?bought; bring?→?brought?→?brought; catch?→caught?→?caught; teach?→?taught?→?taught
活学活用
写出下列动词的过去式、过去分词：
drink ___ ___ see ___ ___find ___ ___leave ___ ___ tell ___ ___
—Why is Mr. Yang still in the teachers’ office?
?—Maybe he ________ his work yet.