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have/has+ past participle(动词的过去分词)
二、 某个动作或状态从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在（包括“现在”在内）。 可以和表示延续的时间状语连用。表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。
1. 延续的时间状语有两种表达方法:
for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
since 过去的某一时刻, since 2001 since last week
一般过去时态的时间状语从句
since you came since you got home.
注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.
He has been away since last week.
He has lived here for 10 years.
对划线部分提问都用How long
2. 非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它可以转换成相应的延续性动词或状态.
1）直接改用延续性动词
buy– have catch(get) a cold –have a cold borrow—keep
become—be put on-- wear wake up--awake fall asleep--asleep
3）转换成be+名词
join the army – be a soldier
join the Party –be a Party member
go to school– be a student
2 ）在否定结构中
I haven't bought anything for months.
She hasn't seen his good friend for two weeks.
4)转换成be+形容词或副词
die—be dead finish – be over begin—be on
leave—be away fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed
5)转换成 be+介词短语
go to school– be in school join the army – be in the army
1.我们买这本书三年了。
We have had this book for three years.
2. 他感冒三天了。