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1. 引导词;
2. 宾语从句的语序;
3. 宾语从句的时态。
一. 宾语从句的引导词
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
注意以下情况只用whether,不用if。
whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如:
Let me know whether you can come or not.
Let me know if you can come or not.
2. 当宾语从句提到句首时,只能用whether引导。如:
Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell.
If it is true or not, I can’t tell.
正:
误:
正:
误:
3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如:
I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
I don’t know if to accept or refuse.