选修十《Module 3 Slavery and the American Civil War Reading and grammar》优秀ppt课件

选修十《Module 3 Slavery and the American Civil War Reading and grammar》优秀ppt课件

The Civil War was fought partly over the issue of slavery.

Slavery during the Civil War

Slavery was not the single cause of the Civil war.

Abraham Lincoln was elected as president of the United States in 1860.

White Southerners were not convinced by Lincoln’s promise to protect slavery where it existed.

December 1861

In February 1861, a month before Lincoln was inaugurated, these states formed a new nation, the Confederate States of America.

The main cause of secession for the White South was the right to preserve African American slavery within their borders.

In the beginning months of the war, slaves who escaped to Union lines were returned to their masters in conformity with the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850.

Beginning

Lincoln, the Republican, won with a plurality of popular votes and a majority of electoral votes. Many slave owners in the South feared that the real intent of the Republicans was the abolition of slavery in states where it already existed, and that the sudden emancipation of four million slaves would be problematic for the slave owners and for the economy that drew its greatest profits from the labor of people who were not paid.

They also argued that banning slavery in new states would upset what they saw as a delicate balance of free states and slave states. They feared that ending this balance could lead to the domination of the industrial North with its preference for high tariffs on imported goods. The combination of these factors led the South to secede from the Union, and thus began the American Civil War.

When given the choice, slaves made it very clear that they wanted emancipation. The overwhelming majority of slaves, however, remained on their plantations in the countryside. Even then these slaves in the Southern interior found ways to demonstrate their desire for freedom. They did not stop working, but they did considerably less work than they had before the war.

The Emancipation Proclamation

President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war. The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."

the Emancipation Proclamation was limited in many ways. It applied only to states that had seceded from the Union, leaving slavery untouched in the loyal border states. It also expressly exempted parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most important, the freedom it promised depended upon Union military victory.

slaves working in the Union army

About 180,000 African-Americans served in the Union army, and another 20,000 in the Union navy. Combined, they made up about 15 percent of all Northern forces in the war. Of all the Union troops, the African American soldier was fighting for the most significant of causes--freedom for themselves and their people. In September 1862 Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation made ending slavery in the South a war goal, which complicated the Confederacy's manpower shortages

the ending

The slaves of the Confederacy were free because of the Emancipation Proclamation. When the thirteenth Amendment banned slavery in the United States