It is/was...that...强调句型等重点句型详解 |
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知识点详情 | ||
It is/was...that...强调句型等重点句型详解知识点包括It is/was...that...强调句型、sb. spend time (in)doing sth. /(on sth.)、不定式作定语结构、倒装结构等部分,有关It is/was...that...强调句型等重点句型详解的详情如下: It is/was...that...强调句型It is this reason that Spanish is the main official language of Peru. 正是这个原因,所以西班牙语是秘鲁的主要官方语言。 核心句式是It is/was...that...强调句型,强调了状语for this reason。 (1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他。强调物时,只能用 that;强调人时,that 和 who 均可。 It is at the airport that I'm going to meet my friend. 明天我要到机场接朋友。 It is Tom and Lily who will be fined. 要被罚款的是汤姆和莉莉。 (2)所强调部分:主语、宾语和大部分的状语,但不能强调谓语和表语。如: It was Jim that/who I came across in the park yesterday. 我昨天在公园碰到的是吉姆。(强调宾语) It was I that/who came across Jim in the park yesterday. 昨天在公园里碰到吉姆的是我。(强调主语) It was yesterday that I came across Jim in the park. 我是昨天在公园里碰到吉姆的。(强调时间状语) It was in_the_park that I came across Jim yesterday. 昨天我是在公园里碰到吉姆的。(强调地点状语) (3)强调句型的疑问句式 ①一般疑问句:Is/Was it+被强调部分+that+句子其他成分? Was it Tom that visited you last Sunday? 上个星期天是汤姆去拜访你了吗? ②特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/was+it+that+句子其他成分(用陈述语气)? When was it that Tom visited you? 汤姆什么时候去拜访你的? (3)not...until...引导时间状语(从句)用于强调句型时,其结构为“It is/was not until...that...”,意为“直到……才……”,that后的谓语动词要用肯定形式。 It was not until I finished all the work that I went home. 直到完成所有工作我才回家。 特别提示:在强调结构中,去掉it is/was和that/who,并稍微调整语序,句子仍然能够成立。 sb. spend time (in)doing sth. /(on sth.)You can then spend three days exploring the rainforest with a local guide and enjoying the plants and animals unique to the rainforest. 在接下来的三天里,您可以在当地导游的陪同下,深入雨林进行探索,欣赏雨林特有的动植物。 (1)sb. spend time (in)doing sth. /(on sth.)某人花费时间做某事。 He spent too much time watching TV. 他花了太多的时间看电视。 We spent four hours (in) doing the job. 我们花了4个小时做这项工作。 [思维拓展] ①sth.costs sb.(money)某事花了某人多少钱/使某人付出代价 The pen cost me ten yuan. 那支钢笔花了我10元钱。 ②It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花费时间做某事 It took me two hours to finish the work. 我花了两个小时的时间才完成工作。 ③sb.pay sb. money for sth.某人为某物给某人钱 Yesterday I paid him 20 yuan for this book. 昨天我花了20元买了这本书。 (2)unique to the rainforest是形容词短语用作定语,修饰the plants and animals。 在英语中,形容词连同其后面的介词短语或不定式短语一起修饰名词的时候,该形容词及其之后的部分一并后置,作后置定语,这时该短语相当于一个定语从句。 There was nothing big enough to weigh the elephant. 没有任何秤足够大,可以称这头大象。 Those brave enough to take the course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. 那些有勇气选修这门课的人当然会学到很多有用的技能。 They are good students always ready to help others. 他们是随时乐于帮助别人的好学生。 The train bound for Los Angeles has just left the station. 开往洛杉矶的火车刚刚驶出车站。 People aware of their own shortcomings are wise. 知道自己缺点的人是明智的。 不定式作定语结构After reaching your destination,you will have a day to explore and be amazed by this ancient city. 到达目的地后,你将有一天的时间去探索这座古城并为之惊叹。 句中to explore是不定式,作a day的定语。不定式作定语结构为:名词/代词+to do,用法拓展讲解如下: (1)不定式与所修饰词之间主要存在以下几种逻辑关系: ①主谓关系 被修饰的名词或代词实际上是不定式的逻辑主语。 We need someone to help with the work. (someone will help with the work) 我们需要有人来帮忙干这个工作。 She is always the first person to reach the company. 她总是第一个到达公司的人。 ②动宾关系 被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。 I have many letters to write. (to write many letters) 我有许多信要写。 He has many letters to answer. 他有很多信件要回复。 ③同位关系 不定式与所修饰的名词指的是一回事。(不定式为解释前面名词具体内容) We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我们制订了一个向雷锋学习的计划。 He has made a plan to learn English. 他制订了一个学习英语的计划。 ④作状语 被修饰的名词实际上表示动词不定式动作的方式、时间等。这些名词多是抽象名词。 That's the way to do it. 那样做才对。 The quickest way to travel is by plane. 旅行最快的方式是乘坐飞机。 The best way to learn English is to live in an Englishspeaking country. 学习英语的最好方法是去说英语的国家生活。 I have no time to go there. 我没有时间去那儿。 (2)不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系,而该不定式为不及物动词时,其后须加上适当的介词,构成及物动词短语。 I am looking for a room to live in. 我正在找一间屋子住。 I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一张写字用的纸。 There is nothing to worry about. 没什么可担心的。 不定式作定语且所修饰的名词是time,place或way时,不定式后的介词一般要省去。 He had no money and no place to live. 他没有钱也没有地方住。 (3)当不定式修饰的名词或代词为不定式动作的承受者时,不定式主动形式与被动形式的含义有所不同。试对比: There is nothing to do. 无事可做。(有“无聊感”) There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即“束手无策”了) There is nothing to see. 没有东西值得看。 There is nothing to be seen. 什么东西也看不见。 倒装结构
. 特别令人惊叹的是印加人的干式石头搭砌的建造方法。 (1)这是一个全部倒装结构,因语篇衔接和语义需要而使用,表语Especially amazing前置是为了突出和强调。正常语序的句子为:The Incas' dry stone method of building is especially amazing.。 (2)英语中,有时为了强调或平衡句子结构,常将表语或谓语等提前,构成完全倒装句式。完全倒装的常见情况: ①“There be”句型属于完全倒装结构,该句型中be还可用 appear,lie,live,stand,remain,exist等表示存在意义的动词替换。 There is a bench under the big tree. 那棵大树下有一个长凳。 There lived a cruel king in the castle. 那座城堡里住着一位残忍的国王。 ②here,there等方位副词及now,then等时间副词位于句首,句子谓语动词为be,come,go,leave,run等表示动作趋向或状态(be)的动词,且句子的主语不是人称代词时,句子完全倒装。如: Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。 Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。 ③出于生动地描写动作的目的,当in,out,away,up,down,off等表示趋向的副词位于句首,句子谓语动词为go,fly,rush,run等表示动作的动词,且句子主语不是人称代词时,句子主谓完全倒装。如: Away flew the bird. 鸟飞走了。 Down went the boat. 船沉了。 Up went the rocket into the air. 火箭升空了。 ④为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,可把形容词、副词或分词提到句首,并把句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。如: Folded in the card was a piece of paper;written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday. 只见贺卡里夹着一张折起来的纸,贺卡上印有“生日快乐”的字样,字下面还写着一句附言。(为使上下文衔接紧密,将过去分词提至句首,并将be动词前置) ⑤表示方位的介宾短语位于句首,句子谓语是表示存在意义的动词(如lie,stand,live,sit,exist等)时,句子主谓常完全倒装。如: On her left sat her husband. 她左边坐着她的丈夫。 Beyond the river lives an old fisherman. 有个老渔夫住在河对岸。 Among the guests stood Mary. 玛丽站在客人之中。 |
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典型例题 | ||
【第1题】
单句语法填空 1.Was in the meeting room that you held the meeting last night? 2.It is all the members held a meeting in the club yesterday. 3.It is very likely that, in many schools, the students are going to spend less time in (do) homework than they used to. 4.It (take) them five months to build the house. 5. (go) are the days when women were looked down upon. 6.There (be) a tree and two goats near the river. 7.The first thing for you (do) is to tidy up the office. 8.我们花了一星期做这项工作。 The work took us a week to finish.(句式转换) →It took (take) us a week (finish)the work. →We spent (spend) a week (finish) the work. →We spent (spend) a week the work. 9.I think he is a man (suit) for the job. 10.It was only then I realized my mistake. 11.Was it Dr Wang spoke to you just now? |