because of句式、动名词(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解

because of句式、动名词(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解知识点包括)because of句式、动名词(短语)作主语的用法、who 引导定语从句、make＋宾语＋宾语补足语、seem to do sth、主从复合句、现在完成进行时和现在完成时等部分，有关because of句式、动名词(短语)作主语的用法等重点句型详解的详情如下：

because of句式

One of the best players had been injured，and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems.

最优秀的队员中有一人受伤了，而且队长也因心脏问题离队。

(1)句式分析：这是一个由and连接的两个并列句。had been injured是过去完成时态的被动语态。

(2)because of因为；由于

He failed his maths examination because of his carelessness.

由于粗心大意，他数学考试没及格。

[易混辨析]

because, because of

because	为连词，后接句子。
because of	为介词短语，后接名词、代词或动名词。

[译]他今天缺席了，因为他病了。

①He is absent today because of his illness.

②He is absent today because he is ill.

[思维拓展]

as a result of...由于……

thanks to 由于；多亏[to为介词]

动名词(短语)作主语的用法 

Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart.

失去两名重要队员是一个很大的挑战，但是郎平没有丧失信心。

(1)句式分析：but是表转折关系的并列连词，在句中连接两个分句。Losing two important players was a big challenge是主系表结构的简单句，Losing two important players属于动名词短语，在句中作主语。

(2)动名词(短语)作主语的用法：

①动名词(短语)通常表示经常性或习惯性的动作或行为，其逻辑主语可以是形容词性物主代词或以名词所有格的形式出现。

②谓语动词通常用单数形式。

③可用it 作形式主语，而将作主语的动名词(短语)置于句末，常见句型： 

 

 

 

 

 

错过这班公交车意味着再等一个小时。

His being late again made his manager very angry.

他又迟到了，这使经理很生气。

It's no  use crying over the spilt milk.

不要为打翻的牛奶哭泣(覆水难收)。

It is good spending the holiday with you.

和你一起度假真好。

who 引导定语从句

The player who became known as“Air Jordan”changed basketball with his graceful moves and jumps.

这位球员被称为“飞人乔丹”，他用优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。

(1)这是一个复合句，含有who引导的定语从句：who became known as “Air Jordan”。The player是该定语从句的先行词，who是关系代词，引导定语从句。

(2)who 引导定语从句时，先行词只能是表示人的名词或代词；who 在从句中可作主语、宾语或表语。作宾语时可省略，作主语时不可省略；作主语时从句的谓语动词的人称和数与先行词的保持一致。

The boy who is sitting under the tree is my brother.

在树下坐着的那个男孩是我弟弟。(作主语)

The boy (who) Jack is talking to is my brother.

和杰克谈话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(作宾语)

(3)be known as作为……而出名；被称作……

Einstein is known as a great scientist.

爱因斯坦作为一名伟大的科学家而出名。

It's known as the most dangerous part of the city.

人们都认为那是市内最危险的地段。

[思维拓展]

be known for＝be famous for 因……而出名

be known to sb.为某人所知

be known by 根据……了解     

make＋宾语＋宾语补足语

Jordan's skills were impressive，but the mental strength that he showed made him unique.

乔丹的球技令人印象深刻，但他的精神力量使他与众不同。

(1)本句是复合句。but表转折关系，连接两个并列的分句。that he showed是关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the mental strength。

(2)句中made him unique是make的复合宾语结构。make后接复合宾语，其结构为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”。具体情况如下：

①名词作宾语补足语。如：

All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.

[谚]只学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。

They made him captain.

他们选他当船长。

②形容词作宾语补足语。如：

The news made him sad.

那则消息使他悲伤。

③不带to的不定式作宾语补足语(变被动时须加to)。如：

He made us work from morning till night.

＝We were made to work from morning till night by him.

他让我们从早到晚地干活。

④过去分词作宾语补足语。如：

I'm afraid I can't make myself understood.

恐怕别人听不懂我的话。

seem to do sth

In the final seconds of a game，Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.

在比赛的最后几秒钟，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。

seem to do sth.意为“似乎做某事”。否定形式是seem not to do＝don't seem to do “似乎不做某事”。不定式动作若正在进行就用 seem to be doing，若已完成就用seem to have done。

He seems not to know anything.

他好像什么都不知道。

The children seemed to be eating something.

孩子们好像正在吃东西。

Jim seemed to have finished his work.

吉姆好像已经做完了工作。

[误区警示]

seem 是系动词，不用于进行时态和被动语态。

[思维拓展]

seem常见结构集锦：

seem (to be)＋n./adj. 好像……

It seems/seemed＋adj.＋to do sth.做某事似乎……

It seems/seemed that... 似乎……

It seems/seemed as if/as though... 看起来好像……

There seems/seemed＋to be＋n. 似乎有……，好像有……

She seems to be a teacher.

她好像是位老师。

It seems that he is lying.＝He seems to be lying.

看样子他好像在撒谎。

It seems as though he were very stupid.

他看起来似乎很笨。

There seems (to be) some misunderstanding between them.

他们之间好像有误会。

主从复合句

The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.

他在芝加哥创建的“男孩女孩俱乐部”自1996年至今一直在帮助年轻人。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句，which he started in Chicago是定语从句，The Boys and Girls Club是定语从句的先行词，which是关系代词，引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作宾语。

Tell me about the film which you saw last night.

跟我讲讲你昨晚看的电影吧。

He has finished reading the book which is written by Mo Yan.

他已经读完了莫言写的那本书。

(2)has been helping是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直延续到现在，或将继续延续至将来。

We have been working on this project for over a month now.

到目前为止，我们一直从事这个项目，已经一个多月了。

现在完成进行时和现在完成时

(1)现在完成时表示已经完成，而现在完成进行时表示还没完成还要延续下去。试比较：

They have built a house.

他们已经建造了一所房子。

They have been building a house.

他们一直在建造一所房子。(尚未完成)

(2)现在完成进行时是由“have/has been＋doing”构成的，可表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示动作的重复。如：

Have you been meeting him recently?

你最近常和他见面吗？

Have you met him recently?

你最近见到过他吗？

(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感情色彩，而现在完成时一般是客观地讲述一个事实。如：

I have been waiting for you for two hours.

我等了你两个小时了。(可能表示不满)

I have waited for you for two hours.

我等你等了两个小时了。(说明一个事实)

(4)现在完成进行时强调动作的延续性，而现在完成时强调结果。如：

Who has been eating these oranges?

谁一直在吃这些橘子呀？(可能还剩余一些)

Who has eaten these oranges?

谁把这些橘子吃了？(强调吃得一个不剩)

(5)如果强调某一动作刚刚结束，并已产生某种影响时，常用现在完成进行时。如：

—Why are you looking a bit tired?

——为什么你看起来有点儿累？

—I have been cleaning the house.

——我一直在打扫房子。