附加疑问句 |
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知识点详情 | ||
附加疑问句知识点包括附加疑问句的意义及其构成、简单句式结构中附加疑问句的运用、并列分句结构中附加疑问句的运用、复合句结构中附加疑问句的运用、祈使句结构中附加疑问句的运用、附加疑问句的回答等部分,有关附加疑问句的详情如下: 附加疑问句的意义及其构成附加疑问句又叫反意疑问句,是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定,而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式,后一部分一般用否定式;反之,前一部分为否定式,后一部分要用肯定式,即“前肯定后否定,前否定后肯定”。 简单句式结构中附加疑问句的运用附加疑问句运用于简单句式结构中时,我们应注意掌握以下几个方面: 1.当陈述句部分的主语是名词时,附加疑问句的主语必须用人称代词来代替。 Your brother has gone to the library,hasn't he? 你弟弟去图书馆了,不是吗? 2.当陈述句的主语是指示代词this,that时,附加疑问句的主语用it代替;指示代词是these,those时,附加疑问句的主语用they代替。 That isn't a useful book,is it? 那不是一本有用的书,不是吗? These are important reading materials,aren't they? 这些都是重要的阅读材料,不是吗? 3.当陈述句部分是I am...时,附加疑问句部分通常要用aren't I;当陈述句部分是I am not...时,附加疑问句部分通常要用am I。 I'm late for the meeting,aren't I? 我开会迟到了,不是吗? I'm not doing well,am I? 我干得不好,不是吗? 4.当陈述部分的主语是everyone/everybody,someone/somebody,no one/nobody等表示人的不定代词时,附加疑问句部分的主语多用they,但也可用he;当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,something,nothing等表示物的不定代词时,附加疑问句部分的主语用it。 Nobody came when I was out,did they? 我外出时,没人来过,是吗? Everything has gone wrong today,hasn't it? 今天什么都出问题了,是不是? 5.当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时,附加疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。 There are some bananas in the basket,aren't there? 篮子里有些香蕉,不是吗? 6.当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况: (1)have作“有”解释时,附加疑问句部分可用have(not)或do(not)的相应形式。 His brother has a new bike,hasn't(doesn't) he? 他弟弟有一辆新自行车,不是吗? (2)have用作实义动词时,附加疑问句部分只可用do(not)的相应形式。 We have to start early,don't we? 我们必须早点出发,不是吗? 7.当陈述部分有hardly,scarcely,barely,rarely,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问句部分要用肯定形式。如果陈述句部分带有否定前缀或后缀时,附加疑问句部分仍用否定结构。 It's impossible for him to make such a mistake,isn't it? 他不可能犯这样的错误,不是吗? 8.当陈述部分有情态动词ought to时,附加疑问句部分要用ought/should(oughtn't/shouldn't);如陈述部分为情态动词used to,附加疑问部分可用used或did;如陈述部分为had better,附加疑问部分用hadn't或shouldn't。 Such things ought not to be allowed,ought they? 这种事是不允许的,不是吗? You'd better do it by yourself,hadn't/shouldn't you? 你最好自己做,好吗? 9.当陈述句部分有情态动词must时,附加疑问部分有四种情况: (1)must表示“必须,禁止”时,附加疑问部分要用must(mustn't)。 You mustn't stop your car here,must you? 你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗? (2)must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问句部分要用needn't。 They must finish the work today,needn't they? 他们今天一定要完成这项工作,不是吗? (3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行“推测”时,附加疑问部分要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。 He must be good at maths,isn't he? 他数学一定学得很好,是吗? (4)当must用来表示对过去的情况进行“推测”(must+have done)时,如果强调对过去情况的推测(一般句中有过去的时间状语),附加疑问句部分要用“didn't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有过去时间状语),附加疑问句部分要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。 She must have read the novel last week,didn't she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,不是吗? You must have told her about it,haven't you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,不是吗? 10.当陈述部分的谓语动词是表示愿望的wish时,附加疑问部分要用may,而且前后两个部分均用肯定式。 I wish to go to the moon by spaceship some day,may I? 我希望有一天能乘宇宙飞船去月球。 11.感叹句的附加疑问句一律使用否定式,并用be的一般现在时形式。 What a foolish child(he is),isn't he? 多傻的孩子啊,不是吗? 12.陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时,问句的主语用it代替。 To do one good deed is easy for a person,isn't it? 对一个人来说,做一件好事很容易,不是吗? Skating is your favorite sport,isn't it? 你最喜欢的运动是滑冰,不是吗? 13.陈述部分有would rather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldn't he? 他宁愿读十遍也不愿背诵,不是吗? 14.陈述部分有You'd like to+v.,疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。 You'd like to go with me,wouldn't you? 你愿意和我去,不是吗? 并列分句结构中附加疑问句的运用当陈述句是由并列连词and,but,or,for,so等连接的两个并列分句组成时,附加疑问句部分一般与最接近的分句保持一致,也就是说,对后一分句进行反问。 He was a lazy child,and he didn't pass the exam,did he? 他是一个偷懒的孩子,他没能通过考试,不是吗? 复合句结构中附加疑问句的运用附加疑问句用于主从复合句结构中时,要注意以下三种情况: 1.一般情况下,陈述句部分是主从复合句时,附加疑问句部分的代词和助动词应与主句中的主语和动词保持一致。 This is the second time that he has been to Japan,isn't it? 这是他第二次去日本,不是吗? 2.在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think(believe,suppose,imagine,expect等)+宾语从句”,附加疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。 I don't think you have heard of him before,have you? 我认为你以前没有听说过他,不是吗? 注意:当think等动词的主语不是第一人称或主语是第一人称而动词时态不是一般现在时或一般过去时,这时,附加疑问句的助动词和人称代词要与主句保持一致。 Mary thinks you will come to the party,doesn't she? 玛丽认为你将来参加晚会,不是吗? 3.当陈述句部分为主语从句时,附加疑问句的主语用it。 That he didn't pass the entrance exam made his parents very angry,didn't it? 他没有通过入学考试使得他的父母十分生气,不是吗? 祈使句结构中附加疑问句的运用祈使句附加疑问句的构成,必须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其附加部分,有以下四种形式: 1.祈使句的肯定形式,其附加疑问句表示“请求”时,通常用will you;表示“邀请、劝说”时,用won't you。 Be sure to write to us,will you? 一定要给我们写信,好吗?(表示“请求”) Come to have dinner with us this evening,won't you? 今晚跟我们一起来吃饭,好吗?(表示“邀请”) 2.祈使句的否定形式,其附加疑问句通常只用will you构成。 Don't smoke in the meeting room,will you? 请不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3.变异祈使句,即句首为一称呼语,后接第二人称代词引导的一个一般现在时的陈述句,这时,我们应视为无主语的祈使句结构,附加疑问句部分要用will you构成。 Mike,you take all these tables out of the next room,will you? 迈克,你把这些桌子都搬出隔壁房间,好吗? 4.Let开头的祈使句,构成附加疑问句时,除Let's用shall we构成附加疑问句外,其他均用will you。 Let the boy go first,will you? 让那个男孩先走,好吗? Let's take a walk after supper,shall we? 晚饭后,我们去散步,好吗? 附加疑问句的回答对附加疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,附加疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。 —He likes playing football,doesn't he? ——他喜欢踢足球,不是吗? —Yes,he does./No,he doesn't. ——是的,他喜欢。/不,他不喜欢。 —His sister didn't attend the meeting,did she? ——他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗? —Yes,she did./No,she didn't. ——不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。 |
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典型例题 | ||
【第1题】
完成下列附加疑问句 1.You'd rather watch TV this evening, ? 2.I suppose you're not going today, ? 3.I wish to shake hands with you, ? 4.Three hours ought to be enough time, ? 5.They have to study a lot, ? 6.When the car crashed,your brother escaped being hurt, ? 7.I'm sure dirty, ? 8.You seem to be dissatisfied with your present post.I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, you? 9.That's the sort of the book you want, ? 10.All these dictionaries are a great help to you, ? 11.The movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, ? 12.Tom has been writing letters all afternoon,but he should have finished them by now, ? 13.Nobody was absent from the meeting, ? 14.There appeared to be no better way, ? 15.Everything seems all right, ? |