slide、rescue、damage等重点单词详解

slide、rescue、damage等重点单词详解知识点包括slide、rescue、damage、survive、destroy、affect、shelter、ruin、shock、trap、bury、 breathe、effort、suffer等部分，有关slide、rescue、damage等重点单词详解的详情如下：

slide vi.vt.(使）滑行；滑动；（使）悄悄移动 vi.下滑，下跌；逐渐败坏 n.滑动；滑道；滑梯；幻灯片

[典型例句]

Francesca slid across the ice.

弗朗西丝卡从冰面上滑过。

I saw a man sliding on a banana skin.

我看到有个人踩在香蕉皮上滑了一下。

[思维拓展]

landslide n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌；滑坡

slide into/out of溜进/出……

slide sth.into/out of悄悄把……放进/拿出

She slid out of the room while no one was looking.

她趁着没人注意溜出了房间。

The car went into a slide on the icy road.

汽车在结冰的路面上打滑了。

注意：slide的过去式、过去分词是slid，slid。

rescue n.vt.营救；救援

[典型例句]

We had given up the hope of rescue.

我们那时已经放弃了营救的希望。

We rescued him from the enemy's camp.

我们把他从敌营中救了出来。

[思维拓展]

rescue...from...把……从……中营救出来

come/go to one's rescue 设法营救某人

damage vt.损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失

[典型例句]

The earthquake damaged several buildings.

地震使一些建筑受到了破坏。

You have damaged my bicycle.You won't have it again.

你把我的自行车弄坏了。你别想再用了。

Eating too much meat one time will cause damage to your stomach.

一次吃太多肉会对你的胃造成损害。

[易混辨析]

damage，destroy，ruin

damage，destroy和ruin这三个单词均表示“破坏”“损坏”的意思，但各自的含义和用法不同。

damage指部分“损坏”“损害”“破坏”或指使用价值有所降低。它可以用作动词，也可以用作名词，用作名词时常与to something连用。如：

Hundreds of houses in the area were damaged by the storm.

暴风雨毁坏了这个地区数以百计的房屋。

The accident did a lot of damage to his car.

这次车祸使他的车受到很大的损坏。

destroy只能用作动词，指彻底破坏，以致不可能修复，常作“破坏”“毁灭”解，也可以指希望、计划等破灭。如：

The earthquake destroyed almost the whole town.

地震几乎毁灭了整个城镇。

His hope of being a writer was destroyed.

他想成为一个作家的希望破灭了。

ruin则表示破坏严重，以致不能修复，但这种破坏不像destroy那样毁灭某物，而是强调致使该物的使用价值发生了问题。用作动词时，它作“使毁灭”“使崩溃”“弄糟”解；用作名词时，它表示“毁灭”“瓦解”“废墟”等抽象概念。ruin也有借喻的用法。如：

The fire ruined the castle.

那场大火把城堡夷为废墟。

The house has fallen into ruin.

房子倒塌了。

The company is facing ruin.

这家公司面临破产。

[思维拓展]

cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害，损伤

do harm to ＝ be harmful to＝be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处

do good to sb. ＝do sb. good＝ be good for sb.对……有好处

do wrong to冤屈，冤枉

be good to ＝be kind to对……好心

do well in ＝be good at擅长；be bad/poor at＝be weak in不擅长

survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难渡过；比某人长寿

[典型例句]

She survived her husband by twenty years.

她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。

Only two passengers survived the air crash.

这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。

Many strange customs have survived from earlier times.

有许多奇怪的习俗是从早年留存下来的。

[思维拓展]

survive sb.(by) 比某人活得长(几年)

survive the accident(crash, earthquake)从事故(坠机、地震)中生还

survive from sth.从……存活下来；流传下来

survive on...靠……维持生活，靠……存活下来

survival n．幸存；残存；残存物

survivor n．幸存者

[误区警示]

survive多用作不及物动词，作及物动词时，如果是“比……活得长”的意思，后面可跟“人”作宾语，如果是“从……中生还、幸存下来”，后面的宾语是“车祸、风暴、地震”等名词。

destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭

[典型例句]

A fire destroyed the house.

一场火毁坏了那座房屋。

The school was completely destroyed by fire.

学校被大火彻底烧毁了。

All his hopes were destroyed.

他所有的希望都破灭了。

[巧学妙记]

[思维拓展]

destruction n. [U]破坏；毁坏

destructive adj. 破坏性的；造成破坏的

affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动

[典型例句]

He was much affected by the sad news.

这个悲惨的消息使他非常难过。

The advertising campaign didn't have much effect on sales.

这些广告攻势对销售额并没有起到多大作用。

[思维拓展]

be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动

effect n．影响

have an effect /influence on对……有影响

in effect实际上

take effect开始实行；开始生效

bring/put sth. into effect使某物开始使用

come into effect (尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施

shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.（风雨或危险）

[典型例句]

We tried to fix up a shelter from the rain.

我们设法搭起一个躲雨的地方。

Many of the children in the shelter are orphans.

收容所里有好多孩子是孤儿。

Human beings need clothing, food and shelter.

人类有衣、食、住的需求。

She was accused of sheltering a murderer.

她因为庇护谋杀犯而被控告。

ruin n.vt.破坏；毁坏

[典型例句]

The storm ruined the crops.

暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。

If you go on like this, you'll ruin yourself.

如果你继续这样下去，你会毁了你自己。

[思维拓展]

in ruins严重受损；破败不堪

be the ruin of成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因

come/fall into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉

bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产

bring ruin upon oneself自取灭亡＝ruin oneself

ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉

The city laid in ruins after the earthquake.

地震之后，这座城市变成了一片废墟。

Of course, some of the buildings are now in ruins.

当然，有些楼房现在成了一片废墟。

shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊

[典型例句]

He has never recovered from the shock of his father's death.

他一直没有从他爸爸去世的打击中恢复过来。

It was quite a shock to see my face on that screen!

从那个屏幕上看到我的脸，真让人惊愕不已！

They sat there in shock and disbelief.

他们吃惊地坐在那里，不敢相信这是真的。

Yes, we are still in shock, but we came.

是的，我们仍然感到震惊，但我们来了。

[思维拓展]

shocked adj.感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)

shocking adj.令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)

be shocked at/by (doing) sth.被……震惊

be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事

It shocked sb. to see/hear... 看见/听到……使某人震惊

(be) a shock to sb.对某人来说是个打击

in shock 震惊；吃惊

trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱

[典型例句]

They were trapped in the burning building.

他们被困在着火的大楼里。

He trapped me into believing him.

他诱使我相信他的话。

The deer was caught in our trap.

那只鹿落入了我们的陷阱。

[思维拓展]

trap sb. into (doing)．..诱使某人(做)……

be trapped in...困在……中，陷在……中

set a trap/traps 设陷阱

bury vt.埋葬；安葬；使沉浸；使专心

[典型例句]

Bury the old world and build a new one.

埋葬旧世界，建设新世界。

He had buried his wife some two years before he retired.

大概在他退休前两年，他妻子去世了。

I was horrified that people would think I was dead and bury me alive.

想到人们会认为我死了并把我活埋，我觉得恐惧万分。

Since she left, he has buried himself in work.

自从她走后，他全心扑在工作上。

She sat there, buried in thoughts.

她坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。

[思维拓展]

bury sth. in...把……埋到……里

bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于；专心致志于(做)某事

be buried in埋头于；专心于

be buried in thoughts 沉思

bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面

be buried alive 被活埋；隐居

提示：表示“专心于，致力于”意义的短语还有：be devoted to, be addicted to, be absorbed in等。

breathe vi.vt.呼吸

[典型例句]

If you breathe on the window you can write your name in the mist.

如果你往玻璃窗上哈气，你可以在雾蒙蒙的窗上写下你的名字。

The air was so cold that we could hardly breathe.

空气非常寒冷，我们难以呼吸。

She was beginning to breathe more easily.

她呼吸开始较为顺畅了。

[思维拓展]

breathe in吸入

breathe out呼出

breath n．呼吸

breathless adj.喘不过气来的；无风的

hold one's breath屏住呼吸

out of breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气

get one's breath back喘过气来，恢复正常呼吸

lose one's breath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气

effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

[典型例句]

You cannot learn Chinese well without making great effort.

只有努力，你才能学好汉语。

Twenty­three hours has passed after the explosion in the mine, but rescue efforts to recover the missing are still being carried out.

矿井爆炸已过23个小时了，但对失踪人员的搜索还在进行中。

We make every effort to make more films, and in turn this creates further environmental pollution.

我们竭力生产出更多的电影，反过来这又造成了进一步的环境污染。

One's success is largely due to his efforts.

一个人的成功在很大程度上是由于他的努力。

[误区警示]

effort表示一般性的努力(即表泛指意义)，通常是不可数名词。如：

It's a waste of time and effort.

这是在浪费时间和精力。

若强调一次一次具体的努力，通常是可数名词，常与all, these等修饰语连用。如：

All his efforts were of no avail.

他的努力都没有用。

[思维拓展]

make efforts(an effort, every effort)做出努力

spare no effort不遗余力，尽力去做

with (an) effort努力地

without effort毫不费力

suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦

[典型例句]

Many people are still suffering from starvation.

很多人仍然在忍受饥饿之苦。

Japan is suffering another disaster because of the nuclear leak.

日本因核泄漏正遭受另一场灾难。

[易混辨析]

suffer, suffer from

易混词	区别	例句
suffer	suffer后的宾语多为pain, defeat, loss, poverty等，表示的是所受之苦。	He suffered many defeats before success. 成功前他失败了很多次。
suffer from	from后的宾语表示的是受苦的原因。	The child suffers from measles.这个小孩得了麻疹。

[思维拓展]

suffering n．(身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼，苦难的经历

suffer the result/heavy losses/injuries承受结果/遭受重大损失/负伤

suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/洪水