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关系代词

知识点详情

关系代词知识点包括关系代词的用法、关系代词用that而不用which的情况、关系代词用which而不用that的情况、定语从句的注意事项等部分,有关关系代词的详情如下:

关系代词的用法

1.定语从句的概述

在复合句中对名词、代词、名词性短语、句子进行修饰、限定的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的成分叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格为whom,所有格为whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词有三个作用:①引导从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中作成分。如:

The people whom you met on the campus yesterday are from England.

你昨天在大学校园里见到的那些人来自英国。

He is reading a book which is written by Lu Xun.

他正在读一本鲁迅写的书。

2.关系代词的用法

(1)关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that。它们的具体使用情况如下表所示:

 

(2)在定语从句中,使用关系代词时我们应该考虑两点:一是先行词是“人”还是“物”;二是关系代词在定语从句中充当什么成分。如:

He is a man who/that means what he says.

他是一个说话算话的人。(先行词指人,关系代词who/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语)

Is there anyone in your class whose father is a teacher?

你们班有谁的父亲是老师?(先行词指人,关系代词whose引导定语从句,并在定语从句中作定语)

To be frank, I don't like the movie (which/that) you recommended to me yesterday.

坦率地讲,我不喜欢你昨天推荐给我的那部影片。(先行词指物,关系代词which/that引导定语从句,并在从句中作宾语,可省略)

[巧学妙记]

关系词,引定从,它们的用法各不同。

that可作主宾表,指人指物它都行。

which专来指物用,主语、宾语它也能。

who和whom来指人,whom仅作宾语用。

whose一词作定语,指人指物都管用。

关系代词用that而不用which的情况

1.当先行词是all, much, anything, nothing, little, none等不定代词时(something, everything, anything作先行词时,关系代词偶尔也可以用which)

She told me everything that she knew.

她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。

2.先行词既有人又有物时

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.

我能清楚地记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

3.先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时

The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.

在桂林他们参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

4.先行词为形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

这是我看过的最好的电影。

5.先行词为the last, the only, the very, the same等或被这些词修饰时

Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.

史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。

6.主句是以whowhich开头的特殊疑问句时

Which is the true story that he told us?

他给我们讲的哪一个故事是真实的?

7.当先行词在主句中作表语或关系代词在从句中作表语时

Tom isn't the man that he used to be.

汤姆不再是过去的样子了。

关系代词用which而不用that的情况

1.先行词为that

—What's that which is under the desk?

桌子底下的那个东西是什么?

—It's a football.

那是一个足球。

2.关系代词前有介词时

This is the room in which he lives.

这是他住的房间。

3.引导非限制性定语从句时

Tom came back, which made us happy.

汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

定语从句的注意事项

1.关系代词在从句中作主语时,根据先行词的单复数确定从句谓语动词的单复数。如:

He is the only one of the students who knows French in our class.

他是我们班里唯一懂法语的学生。(the only one为先行词)

He is one of the students who know French in our class.

他是我们班里懂法语的学生之一。(students为先行词)

2.关系代词的省略:在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作动词的宾语或介词的宾语(这时介词不能在关系代词前)时常可省略。如:

The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night is Li Ming.

我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。

3the same...asthe same...that的区别

一般情况下,the same...as指的是与先行词同类的事物/人,而the same...that与先行词指的是同一个事物/人。如:

This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.

这和我昨天买的那支钢笔一样。(同一类)

This is the same pen that I borrowed from Mr Li.

这就是我从李老师那里借的钢笔。(同一物)

典型例题
【第1题】  

用所给词的适当形式填空或在空白处填入适当的词

1.The old town has narrow streets and small houses              are built close to each other.

2.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students               allows them to communicate freely with each other.

3.The prize will go to the writer               story shows the most imagination.

4.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school               I met in the English speech contest last year.

5.—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes, there's one point               we must insist on.

6.I refuse to accept the blame for something              was someone else's fault.

7.Jack is the most intelligent man               I've ever met.

8.As a child, Jack studied in a village school,               is named after his grandfather.

9.Barbara is easy to recognize as she's the only one of the women who              (wear) evening dress.

10.I have the same magazine              you bought just now.

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