第四单元要点复习

第四单元要点复习知识点包括重点单词、重点短语、重点句型等部分，有关第四单元要点复习的详情如下：

重点单词

1．slide vi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑动

slide into/out of溜进/出……

slide sth. into/out of悄悄把……放进/拿出

2．rescue n．&vt.营救；救援

rescue...from...把……从……中营救出来

come/go to one's rescue 设法营救某人

3．damage v．损害；破坏　n．损坏；损失

cause/do damage to＝damage(v.)伤害，损伤

do harm to ＝ be harmful to＝be bad for对……造成伤害/有害处

do good to sb. ＝do sb. good＝ be good for sb.对……有好处

do wrong to冤屈，冤枉

be good to ＝be kind to对……好心

do well in ＝be good at擅长；be bad/poor at＝be weak in不擅长

4．destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭

destruction n. [U]破坏；毁坏

destructive adj. 破坏性的；造成破坏的

5．affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动

be affected by被……侵袭；被……感动

effect n．影响

have an effect /influence on对……有影响

in effect实际上

take effect开始实行；开始生效；开始起作用

bring/put sth. into effect使某物开始使用

come into effect (尤指法律/规章制度)开始实施

6．ruin n．&vt.破坏；毁坏

in ruins严重受损；破败不堪

be the ruin of成为……毁灭(堕落)的原因

come/fall into ruin毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉

bring sb. to ruin使某人失败；使倾家荡产

ruin oneself自取灭亡

ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉

7．shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克　vt.(使)震惊

shocked adj.感到惊奇的，惊讶的(主语多为人)

shocking adj.令人气愤的，令人惊讶的(主语多为物)

be shocked at/by (doing) sth.被震惊

be shocked to do sth.惧怕做某事

It shocked sb. to see/hear... 看见/听到……使某人震惊

(be) a shock to sb.对某人来说是个打击

in shock 震惊；吃惊

8．trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套　n．险境；陷阱

trap sb. into (doing)．..诱使某人(做)……

be trapped in...困在……中，陷在……中

set a trap/traps 设陷阱

9．bury vt.埋藏；安葬；使沉浸；使专心

bury sth. in...把……埋到……里

bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于/专心致志于(做)某事

be buried in埋头于；专心于

be buried in thoughts沉思

bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面

be buried alive 被活埋；隐居

10．breathe vi.&vt.呼吸

breathe in吸入

breathe out呼出

breath n．呼吸

breathless adj.喘不过气来的；无风的

hold one's breath屏住呼吸

out of breath气喘吁吁；上气不接下气

take a breath歇口气，歇会儿透口气

get one's breath back喘过气来，恢复正常呼吸

lose one's breath气喘吁吁，上气不接下气

11．effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力

make efforts (an effort, every effort)做出努力

spare no effort不遗余力，尽力去做

with (an) effort努力地

without effort毫不费力

12．suffer vt.遭受；蒙受　vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦

suffering n．(身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历

suffer the result/heavy losses/injuries承受结果/遭受重大损失/负伤

suffer from headache/illness/war/the flood遭受头痛/疾病的困扰/战争/洪水

13．supply n. [pl.]补给品；供应(量)；补给　vt.供应；供给

the water supply水资源供应

a good supply of/supplies of大量；备有许多……

in short supply供应不足；短缺

supply and demand供求关系

supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.供应某人某物

medical supplies医疗用品

supply a need/demand满足需要

supply sb. with sth.＝supply sth. to/for sb.向某人供应某物

14．power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力

powerful adj.有力量的；有权力的

powerless adj.无力的；无权力的

in power执政中

come to power当权；上台

15．calm adj.镇静的；沉着的　vt.使平静；使镇静

calm (...) down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来

keep/stay/be calm 保持镇静

16．aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资　vi.&vt.(formal)帮助；援助

first aid急救

give/do/offer first aid to sb.对某人进行急救

with the aid/help of...在……的帮助下

go to one's aid/help前去帮助某人

aid sb. with sth.帮助某人某事

aid sb. in(doing) sth.帮助某人做某事

aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事

17．wave n．海浪；波浪　vi.&vt.挥手；招手

radio waves无线电波

give sb. a wave向某人挥手

wave to/at sb.向某人招手/挥手

18．strike vt.&vi.(struck, struck /stricken)侵袭；突击；击打　n．罢工；罢课；袭击

be struck with(by)为……所侵袭；为……所触动(感动)

It strikes me that...我觉得……；我的印象是……

strike a match划火柴

strike on/upon打在……上；撞到……上

be on strike在罢工

go on strike举行罢工

striker n．罢工者；前锋；射手

19．deliver vt.&vi.递送；传达　vt.发表；为……接生，分娩

deliver sth. (to sb.)投递/传送某物(给某人)

deliver a speech发表演说

deliver a baby接生

deliver sb./sth. over to sb. 把……移交给某人

20．effect n．影响；结果；效果

effective adj.有效的；醒目的

be of no effect无效；没有作用；不中用

have an effect on影响

carry /put/bring sth. into effect实施，实行，使生效

come into effect/take effect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施

in effect＝effectively实际上

be in effect(规律，法律等)生效，有效，在实行中

重点短语

1．set up设立；建立

set off 出发；动身；开始

set out 出发；动身

set about (doing sth.) 开始(做某事)

2．as usual像往常一样

3．as if＝as though似乎；好像；仿佛

even if＝even though即使

4．nothing but除……外什么也没有；只有；仅仅

anything but绝不，根本不

5．dig out掘出；发现

dig into挖掘；深入钻研

dig up找出；查明

6．in the open air露天；在户外

on the air 在广播中，正在播出的

in the air 在空中，悬而未决；在流行中

7．on hand现有(尤指帮助)

by hand用手；靠人工

hand in hand手拉手；连在一起地

on the one hand...on the other hand一方面……另一方面

8．sweep away消灭；彻底消除

sweep aside对……置之不理；全然无视；不理会

sweep up清扫

9．stand at达到

stand for代表；支持

stand with(在某人心中)处于(何种)位置；被(如何)看待

stand by支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边

10．pay attention to注意

draw one's attention to吸引某人注意

fix one's attention to注意

concentrate on集中注意力于……

11．carry out执行；实现；完成

carry off夺走

carry on继续

carry through把……进行到底

重点句型

1．Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat，and dogs refused to go inside buildings.

鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃食，狗也拒绝进入建筑物中。

这是由并列连词and连接的两个简单句，too...to...意为“太……而不能……”。

2．Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide，and fish jumped out of the water.

老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身，鱼也从水中跳出来。

句中looking for places to hide，是现在分词短语作伴随状语，其逻辑主语是Mice。

3．It seemed as if the world were coming to an end!

世纪末日似乎到了！

as if“仿佛；好像”，引导的从句在句中作表语。

4．Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.

居住在那儿的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。

关系代词who引导定语从句。

5．Thousands of children were left without parents.

成千上万个孩子变成了孤儿。

leave表示“使处于……状态”时，可构成“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构，其中宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、过去分词、现在分词、介词(短语)等充当。

6．The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries.

昨天，过去40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲的海岸线，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及至少四个其他国家6 500多人死亡。

这是一个主从复合句。主句是The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami；that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词a tsunami，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语；killing more than...four other countries是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。

7．Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.

渔民、游客、旅馆、住宅和汽车都被这场达到9.0级的强震引发的巨浪卷走了。

这是一个主从复合句。主句是Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves；caused by the strong earthquake是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词huge waves，相当于定语从句that/which were caused by the strong earthquake；that reached a magnitude of 9.0是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词earthquake，关系代词that在定语从句中作主语。

8．I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.

我正和我的三个孩子吃早饭，突然海水冲入了我家。

be doing...when...正在……这时(突然)……。

9．However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.

然而，危险的状况和被损坏的道路将使得运送食品和供应品变得困难。

句中make it difficult to deliver food and supplies是“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。