“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句、让步状语从句、as 作连词引导从句等重点句型

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句、让步状语从句、as 作连词引导从句等重点句型知识点包括主从复合句、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句、先行词是表示时间的定语从句的引导词、现在分词(短语)与不定式短语作结果状语的区别、where引导定语从句、让步状语从句、as 作连词引导从句等部分，有关“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句、让步状语从句、as 作连词引导从句等重点句型的详情如下：

主从复合句

China is widely known for its ancient civilisation which has continued all the way through into modern times，despite the many ups and downs in its history.

尽管在历史上有过多次兴衰，中国因其一直延续到现代的古文明而闻名。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是China is widely known for its ancient civilisation；which has continued all the way through into modern times是关系代词which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词civilisation，which在定语从句中作主语。

(2)despite prep.即使；尽管

Despite the bad weather，we enjoyed our weekend very much.

尽管天气不好，我们的周末仍过得很愉快。

Joe is a good basketball player despite being short and stout.

尽管又矮又胖，乔依然是个优秀的篮球运动员。

[思维拓展]

despite＝in spite of尽管

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.

这些是动物的骨头和贝壳，上面有古代中国人所刻的符号。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是These were animal bones and shells；on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people是on which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bones and shells。

The man to whom you spoke is a teacher.

刚才跟你说话的那个人是一位老师。

I'll never forget the day on which I joined the army.

我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。

The reason for which he refused to go to the party was that they had not invited him.

他拒绝赴宴的原因是他们没邀请他。

先行词是表示时间的定语从句的引导词

Over the years，it developed into different forms because that was a time when the Chinese people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.

随着时间的推移，它发展成了不同的形式，因为那是一个中国人口在地理区域上被分隔开的时期，导致了许多不同种类的方言和文字。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是it developed into different forms；句中because引导原因状语从句；when the Chinese people were divided geographically是when引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a time；leading to many varieties of dialects and characters是现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。

(2)当先行词是表示时间的名词时，定语从句的引导词有两种情况：

Do you still remember the day when we worked together?

你还记得我们在一起工作的日子吗？(作状语)

Do you still remember the day (that/which) we spent together?

你还记得我们在一起度过的日子吗？(作宾语)

He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed，so they could feel more content with their lives.

当人们感到沮丧时，他使他们开怀大笑，这样人们就对自己的生活感到更加满足。

[误区警示]

做题时，不要一见到先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词就用when，where或why引导定语从句，而应看看引导词在定语从句中作什么成分。若作时间、地点或原因状语，用when，where或why；若作主语或宾语，就要考虑用that或which。

(3)现在分词(短语)作结果状语，分词(短语)所表示的动作与主语为主谓关系。

He dropped the glass on the floor，breaking it into pieces.

他失手把杯子掉到地上了，结果杯子被摔得粉碎。

现在分词(短语)与不定式短语作结果状语的区别

非谓语	区别	例句
现在分词	现在分词作结果状语，常表自然而然的、意料之中的结果	Trees were blown down，blocking roads.树被刮倒，堵塞了道路。
不定式	不定式作结果状语，常表相反或出乎意料的结果，含有“没想到”“结果却”“不料”之意。其前常加only表强调	I rushed to the school，only to find it was Sunday.我急忙朝学校跑去，结果发现是星期天。

where引导定语从句

Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.

秦始皇统一了七大诸侯国，使中国的文字体系朝一个方向发展。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country；where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction是关系副词where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词country，where在定语从句中作地点状语。

(2)where引导定语从句的用法说明：

Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.

北京是我的出生地。

Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?

你能想出一个使用这个单词的场合吗？

让步状语从句

Even today，no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.

即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是they can all still communicate in writing；no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak是让步状语从句。

(2)no matter，作“不管”“无论”解，同 what/who/when/ where/how等疑问词连用，引导让步状语从句。

No matter what he says, I won't believe him.

不管他说什么，我都不会相信他。

No matter when you come, you are welcome.

无论你什么时候来都受欢迎。

No matter whose bag this is, it must be kept here for the present.

不管这是谁的包，必须暂时放在这里。

No matter who knocks, don't open the door.

不管谁敲门，都不要开门。

[思维拓展]

(1)no matter what/who/when/how/where 可以换成 whatever/ whoever/whenever/however/wherever 引导让步状语从句。

(2)whatever, whichever，whoever, whomever 还可以引导名词性从句。

Whoever breaks the law should be punished.

任何违反了法律的人都应受到惩罚。

(3)however 是副词，修饰形容词、副词； whatever 是代词，修饰的是名词。如：

①However difficult it is, you must work it out.

不管有多难，你都要解决这件事。

②Whatever difficulty there is, we must work together.

不管有什么样的困难我们都要团结合作。

as 作连词引导从句

As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.

着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。

(1)这是一个主从复合句。主句是an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language；从句是As China plays a greater role in global affairs.

(2)play a role in(在……中)担任角色，在……中起作用。

He played an important role in the film.

他在这部电影中扮演一个重要角色。

Television seems to play a big role in all their lives.

电视好像在他们的生活中起着很重要的作用。

[思维拓展]

play a part in(在……中)扮演一个角色，参与；(在……中)起作用

play the part/role of...扮演……角色

(3)句中as 引导时间状语从句，意为“随着”，还可意为“当……时，一边……(一边……)”，强调主从句动作相伴发生。

He always sings as he walks.

他总是边走边唱。

As time went by, I was made smaller.

随着时间的推移，我被制造得更加小巧。

[思维拓展]

as 作连词引导从句的用法：

①引导原因状语从句，意为“因为”。

②引导方式状语从句，意为“按照……的方式，像，如同”。

③引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”，从句需部分倒装，如果提前的是名词，其前不要不定冠词。

④引导时间状语从句，意为“一边……(一边……)，随着”，强调主从句动作同时发生。

⑤引导比较状语从句，常用于as...as...和not so/as...as...结构中。

As you were not there, I left a message.

你不在那里，所以我留了张纸条。

Poor as he is, he is generous.

虽然他很穷，但他很慷慨。

A miss is as good as a mile.

失之毫厘，谬以千里。