定语从句

定语从句知识点包括关系副词引导的定语从句、关系代词与关系副词的选用、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句等部分，有关定语从句的详情如下：

关系副词引导的定语从句

引导定语从句的关系副词包括when, where, why，一般代替先行词在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、原因。其具体用法见下表：

I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Beijing.

我仍然记得我第一次来到北京的那一天。

The factory where/in which his father works is in the west of the city.

他爸爸工作的那个工厂在城市的西边。

The reason why/for which he was late was that he missed the bus.

他迟到的原因是他错过了公交车。

[特别提示]

在比较正式的用法中，可以用“介词＋which”代替关系副词when, where, why。

关系代词与关系副词的选用

定语从句的引导词用关系代词还是关系副词取决于定语从句缺少的句子成分。如果从句缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语则用关系代词；如果从句缺少状语则用关系副词。

This is the factory where he used to work.

这是他以前工作过的那家工厂。(work是不及物动词，无需有宾语，从句缺状语)

This is the factory that/which I visited last year.

这是我去年参观过的那家工厂。(visit是及物动词，后边缺少宾语)

They planted some trees which didn't need much water.

他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。(从句缺主语)

Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?

这就是举办展览的那座博物馆吗？(被动语态形式的从句不缺主语、宾语和定语，缺状语)

“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

关系代词作介词的宾语时，为了使关系代词与先行词的关系更加紧凑，可以将从句中的介词提到关系代词前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。该结构中的关系代词可用which或whom。

(1)该结构中的介词可以依据与从句中谓语动词的搭配、与先行词的搭配或句子意义来确定。

Is this the car for which you paid a high price?

这就是你高价买的汽车吗？(根据从句中谓语动词pay的搭配确定)

This is the camera with which he often takes photos.

这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。(根据与先行词的搭配确定)

This is the pilot with whom my father has worked for ten years.

这就是和我爸爸一起工作了十年的那位飞行员。(根据意义搭配)

(2)“名词/数词/代词等＋介词＋关系代词”结构。

有时“介词＋关系代词”前还会有名词、数词、代词等，表示部分、整体、数量等概念。

The river, the banks of which are covered with trees, flows to the sea.

这条河流入大海，河的两岸种满了树。

He has three sons, two of whom are teachers.

他有三个儿子，其中有两个是老师。

[特别提示]

有些“动词＋介词”短语，如look for, look after, call on等不可拆开把介词置于关系代词之前。

The doctor that you sent for has not come.

你派人去请的那个医生还没有来。

The girl whom I came across in the street yesterday is a friend of mine.

我昨天在街上遇见的那个女孩是我的一个朋友。

The chance which I longed for has come at last.

我盼望的机会终于来了。