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as引导的状语从句、what可引导的名词性从句等重点句型详解

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as引导的状语从句、what可引导的名词性从句等重点句型详解知识点包括as引导的状语从句、what可引导的名词性从句、可以省略be动词的从句、有关how和what的交际用语、by+v.­ing、either...or...句式、be busy doing、作表语的不定式可省略to的句式等部分,有关as引导的状语从句、what可引导的名词性从句等重点句型详解的详情如下:

as引导的状语从句

They take the same subject as you do,like maths and English.

他们和你一样学同样的课程,比如数学和英语。

(1)句子主干:They take the same subject 状语从句:as you do

(2)句中as you do是方式状语从句,as作“像……一样,按……的方式”讲。

Please do it as I told you.

请按照我对你说的做吧。

[思维拓展]

as引导状语从句常考点:

(1)引导原因状语从句,意为“因为,既然”,as=since(语气比because弱)

(2)引导方式状语从句,意为“按照……的方式,像,如同”。

(3)引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管”,从句需倒装,常把表语、状语和谓语动词提前,作表语的单数名词前置时,名词前不加冠词。

(4)引导时间状语从句,意为“当……时,随着……,一边……一边……”,强调主从句动作同时发生。

(5)引导比较状语从句,意为“像……一样”,常用于as(副词)...as和not so/as...as结构中。

As he was tired,he went to bed at once.

因为很累,所以他立即就去睡了。

Child as he is,he knows a lot.

尽管他是个孩子,但他知道很多。(注意:child前不用冠词)

She loves singing just as her mother does.

她像她母亲一样喜欢唱歌。

As the pupils walked along the lake,they sang.

学生们沿着湖边走边唱。

John came as early as Mary.

约翰和玛丽来得一样早。

what可引导的名词性从句

Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship.

Tim每周都给他的父母发电子邮件,告诉他们船上发生的一切。

(1)句式分析:what happened on the ship在句中是宾语从句,动词tell后面跟了双宾语,them是间接宾语,what happened on the ship是直接宾语。

(2)what可引导的名词性从句有:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等,在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。what作“什么;……的东西”讲。

What caused the accident remains unknown.

是什么引发了这起事故还不知道。(引导主语从句,在从句中作主语)

This book will show you what should be known by good teachers.

这本书会告诉你优秀的教师应该了解什么。(引导宾语从句,在从句中作主语)

Our city isn't what it used to be.

我们的城市不再是原来的样子了。(引导表语从句,在从句中作表语)

[误区警示]

what和that引导名词性从句的异同:

that引导名词性从句时不可省略(宾语从句除外)、不作成分、没有词义;what引导名词性从句时不可省略、作成分、有词义。

可以省略be动词的从句

I take notes while listening and reading.

我边听边读边做笔记

while listening and reading在句中作时间状语,是while I am listening and reading的省略形式,表示其动作与主句谓语动词的动作同时发生。

While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.

遛狗时你不小心把它松开了,结果它被车撞了。

While flying over the channel, the pilot saw a ship.

在飞过海峡时,飞行员看到一艘船。

While trying to put out the fire, two firemen lost their lives.

两名消防员在全力灭火时牺牲了。

[思维拓展]

在表示时间、地点、条件、方式、比较或让步等的状语从句中,如果谓语含有be动词,主语又和主句的主语一致,或其主语是it,那么从句中的主语及be动词往往可以省略。常用的引导此类从句的连词有when, while, though, even though, as, if, unless等。

Unless (you are) here, you can't find this kind of plants.

除非在这里,其他地方找不到这种植物。

As (he was) a child, he became interested in art.

当还是个孩子时,他就对艺术感兴趣。

有关how和what的交际用语

How about grammar?

语法呢?

“How/What about...?”表示“……怎样/如何?”,常用于交际用语中。

How about a trip to France?

到法国去旅游如何?

How about going out for a walk?

出去散散步好吗?

How about showing that I am bored?

如何来表示我很厌烦呢?

What about another cake?

再吃块蛋糕好吗?

What about the weather in your hometown?

你们家乡的天气如何?

[思维拓展]

(1)有关how的交际用语:

How come?为什么?/怎么会?

How about...?……怎么样?

How's that?为什么?/那是怎么回事?/(你认为)怎么样?

How do you do?(首次见面问好)你好吗?

How can/could you!(表示很不赞同或吃惊)你怎么能这样(那样)!

(2)有关what的交际用语:

What?①(没听见或没听懂时)什么?②(听到对方的话并问他们要什么时)什么事?/要什么?③(惊讶或愤怒时)什么?/竟有这种事?/真的?

So what?(认为不重要或反驳他人意见时)那又怎么样呢?

What of it?那又怎样?/那有什么关系呢?

What about...?(征求意见或提出建议)……怎么样?

What(...)for?为何目的?/为什么?

What if...?如果……怎么办?/要是……会怎样呢?

by+v.­ing

I often ask questions,but I learn best by doing.

我经常问问题吗,但我从实践中学的最好。

“by+v.­ing”表示“通过……方式”,by为介词。

By helping them we are helping to save ourselves.

我们是通过帮助他们来拯救自己的。

By working hard he gained rapid promotion.

他工作努力,因而晋升很快。

Fans showed their devotion by waiting for hours to get tickets for their concerts.

歌迷们表现出了极大的热情,他们等待好几个小时就是为了买到音乐会的门票。

either...or...句式

If I'm not in classI'm either in the library or in the computer lab.

如果我不上课,我要么在图书馆要么在计算机实验室。

(1)句式分析:If I'm not in class是if引导的条件状语从句,后面的部分是主句。

(2)either...or...意为“或……或……,不是……就是……”,在句中连接两个并列成分。

Either you or Tom has done it.(连接并列主语)

不是你就是汤姆做了这件事。

You may either stay at home or go there with us.(连接并列谓语)

你既可以待在家里也可以和我们一道去。

[误区警示]

在连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词必须在人称和数上与靠近的主语保持一致。

You can drop either of the two courses.

你可以放弃这两门课程中的任何一门。

Either you or he has made the mistake.

不是你就是他犯了这个错误。

[思维拓展]

either的反义词为neither“(两者)都不”,either...or...的反义词组为neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。

You can drop neither of the two courses.

这两门课程中的任何一门都不能放弃。

Neither you nor he has made the mistake.

犯错误的既不是你也不是他。

neither...nor...连接两个相同的句子成分,表示否定的意思。动词的单复数形式与nor后的主语相一致。

Neither Li Lei nor Wang Hai was there.

李雷和王海都不在那里。

I neither watch TV nor listen to the radio.

我既不看电视也不听收音机。

be busy doing

 On the weekendsI play computer games if I'm not busy studying.

周末如果我不忙于学习,我就玩电子游戏。

(1)句式分析:本句是主从复合句,if I'm not busy studying是if引导的条件状语从句,主句是I play computer games。

(2)be busy doing忙着做……

He is busy writing a book for the present.

他眼下正忙于写书。

[思维拓展]

be busy doing sth.=be busy with sth.忙于做某事……

作表语的不定式可省略to的句式

My dream is to start my own IT company!

我的梦想是成立自己的IT公司!

不定式短语to start my own IT company在句中作表语。

当主语是aim, goal, hope, idea, job, plan, purpose, wish 等或是what 引导的从句时,作表语的不定式用于对主语进行解释说明。当主语部分出现动词do(的某种形式)时,作表语的不定式可省略不定式符号to。

His wish is to buy a car.

他的愿望是买一辆汽车。

The only thing I could do was (to) leave.

我只得离去。

Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.

不管怎样,我的目标就是为人类提供高质量的生活。

典型例题
【第1题】  

单句语法填空

1.         you were not here,I left a message.

2.         he needed was a job.

3.How about           (put) the sofa closer to the window?

4.I improve my English by           (listen) to English songs.

5.Either you or he          (be) to blame.

6.Either you or I          (be) going there tomorrow.

7.The students of Senior Three in our province are busy           (prepare) for the coming college entrance examination.

【第2题】  

单句语法填空

1.I was looking forward           (hear) his comments on this new film.

2.Good communication is of great importance in a large           (organise).

3.If you are curious           Australian cities,just read the book written by Dr.Johnson.

4.         (curious) enough,he seemed to know that already.

5.The city has taken           a new look.

6.The table takes           too much room.

7.          the same time,students should be encouraged to develop good habits and better behave themselves.

8.Do you think we'll be to catch the train           time if we get up early?

9.His first novel has received good reviews since it came          last month.

10.I came          some old photos in the old house.

11.Our task here this week and next is to decide           the ways to do this.

12.He always sing          he walks.

13.China is not           she used to be.

14.Either you or he          (have) lunch at school.

15.He is busy          (send) out invitations(邀请).

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