现在分词作定语、whenever引导状语从句等重点句型详解

现在分词作定语、whenever引导状语从句等重点句型详解知识点包括现在分词作定语、whenever引导状语从句、find的复合宾语结构、where引导从句的用法、so/such...that...常用的句型、now that用法、make sure用法等部分，有关现在分词作定语、whenever引导状语从句等重点句型详解的详情如下：

现在分词作定语

 There are countless articles telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient.

有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是There are countless articles；telling us how the Internet has made our lives more convenient是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词articles，其中又包含了how引导的宾语从句。

(2)telling us how the Internet...为现在分词短语作定语修饰前面的名词articles，表示它与articles之间存在主谓关系。

[易混辨析]

现在分词和过去分词都可用作定语，它们的区别 有两点：

①现在分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在主谓关系，过去分词表示分词与所修饰的名词或代词之间存在动宾关系。如：

I like books written by Zhang Ailing.

我喜欢张爱玲写的书。(write与books之间为动宾关系)

Do you know the woman wearing a pair of glasses?

你认识那个戴眼镜的妇女吗？(the woman与wear之间为主谓关系)

②现在分词意为“令人……的”，表示被修饰的人或物给别人的感受；过去分词意为“……的”，强调被修饰的人自身的感受。如：

We're surprised at the astonishing news.

这条令人震惊的消息使我们大吃一惊。(表示消息令人震惊)

Did you notice the puzzled expression on his face?

你注意到他脸上困惑的表情了吗？(表示他很困惑)

whenever引导状语从句

We can download software，documents，and images whenever we need them.

我们可以下载软件、文档和图像，无论何时我们需要它们。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是We can download software，documents，and images；后面是whenever引导的时间状语从句。

(2)whenever引导状语从句

whenever常用来引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句。

Whenever she comes，she brings a present.她每次来都带个礼物。(时间状语从句)

Whenever(＝No matter when) you decide to go，I will keep you company.无论你决定何时去，我都会陪你。(让步状语从句)

[思维拓展]

 

Wherever(＝No matter where) you are，you can't be happy without a friend.无论你在哪儿，没有朋友就不会快乐。(Wherever在此引导让步状语从句)

However(＝No matter how) difficult the task may be，I will finish it on time.不管这项任务有多困难，我都将按时完成。(However在此引导让步状语从句)

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.人们普遍认为，孩子要什么就给什么是不明智的。(whatever在此引导宾语从句)

Whoever leaves the room at last ought to turn off the lights.无论是谁最后离开房间都应该把灯关掉。(Whoever在此引导主语从句)

find的复合宾语结构

At age 50，she found herself out of work and stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company.

50岁时，她发觉自己失业了，困在家里，只有电脑相伴。

(1)句式分析：这是一个简单句。此句结构为“find＋宾语＋宾补”，out of work和stuck at home是句子的宾语补足语，说明宾语herself的处境。with only her computer to keep her company是“with＋名词＋to do”结构，在句中作stuck的伴随状语。

(2)find的复合宾语结构

I found my letter torn into pieces after I opened the drawer.

我打开抽屉发现我的信被撕成了碎片。

Often he found her quietly weeping alone.

他经常发现她独自一人静静地流泪。

He found his door open when he came back.

当他回来时，他发现门开着。

where引导从句的用法

She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.

她还加入了一个在线小组，在那里她可以谈论自己的问题，并从他人那里得到支持和建议。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。主句是She also joined an online group，后面是where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词group。

(2)where引导从句的用法

从句类型	where的语法功能	从句的语法功能
地点状 语从句	where为从属连词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。	表示主句谓语动词所表示的动作发生的地点。
定语从句	where为关系副词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。	整个从句作定语，修饰先行词。
名词 性从句	where为连接副词，引导从句，并在从句中作地点状语。	整个从句相当于一个表示地点的名词。

很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来。(where引导地点状语从句)

The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here.

我买这本书的那个书店离这里不远。(where引导定语从句)

Where we shall spend our holiday this summer has not been decided.

我们今年夏天将在哪里度假还没有定下来。(where引导主语从句)

so/such...that...常用的句型

She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club to teach older people how to use computers and the Internet.

她受到网友的启发，决定成立一个IT俱乐部来教年长一些的人学习如何使用电脑和互联网。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。该句使用了so...that...句型结构，其中的she met online是一个省略了关系代词的定语从句，修饰前面的名词the people。

(2)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，that是连词，在句中引导结果状语从句。

She was so angry that she couldn't say a word.

她是如此生气，以至于她一句话都说不出来。

Our team played so well that we won the game.

我们的球队踢得很好，结果赢了比赛。

[思维拓展]

so/such...that...常用的句型有：

①so＋adj./adv.＋that从句

He studied so hard that he passed the important exam.

他学习如此努力，结果通过了那次重要的考试。

②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that从句

It is so interesting a book that I want to buy it.

这是如此有趣的一本书，以至于我想把它买下来。

③so＋many/few/much/little＋可数名词复数/不可数名词＋that从句

There is so much noise here that I can't hear you.

这里的噪音这么大，以至于我听不到你在说什么。

④such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that从句

This is such an expensive car that I can't afford to buy it.

这辆车如此贵，以至于我买不起。

⑤such＋adj.＋不可数名词/可数名词复数＋that从句

It was such fine weather that we decided to go on an outing.

天气如此好，以至于我们决定去郊游。

now that用法

Now that he works and can take care of himself，his daughter has time to study at university.

由于他工作并能照顾自己，他女儿有时间在大学学习了。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。Now that he works and can take care of himself是原因状语从句，his daughter has time to study at university是主句。

(2)now that既然，由于

Now that the kids have left home we've got a lot of extra space.

由于孩子们都离开家了，我们住着就更宽绰了。

Now that you have finished your work, you'd better have a rest.

既然你的工作已经做完了，最好休息一下吧。

[易混辨析]

now that, because, since, as, for

now that	固定短语，意为“既然；由于”，引导原因状语从句，that 可以省略。
because	表示直接的或为人所不知的原因，语气最强。回答用 why 提问的问句。
since	意为“既然”，表示已知或共知的原因，但并非直接原因。(可与 now that 互换)。
as	意为“由于”，表示显而易见或已为人所知的原因。语气比 because 弱。
for	意为“因为”，并列连词，表示补充说明的理由。引导分句，不能置于句首。

注意：类似 although/though 不能与 but 连用，because 不能与 so 连用，当 since, now that 引导原因状语从句时，主句前不能加 so 等连词。

[译]既然你已经准备好了，我们现在可以走了。

[误]Now that you are ready, so we can go now.

[正]Now that you are ready, we can go now.

[思维拓展]

up to now/until now到目前为止

(every) now and then不时；时而

make sure用法

She believes that it is highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology.

她认为，消除数字鸿沟、确保每人都能使用互联网并且知晓如何运用新技术，是非常重要的。

(1)句式分析：这是一个主从复合句。句中从第一个that到句尾是that引导的宾语从句，作动词believes的宾语；make sure与前面的bridge并列，此处bridge是动词，意思是“架起桥梁、消除(隔阂)”；that everyone has access to the Internet and knows how to use new technology是that引导的宾语从句，作make sure的宾语，knows与前面的has并列。

(2)make sure确定；确信；查明；弄清楚

I must go back and make sure (that) I closed the door.

我必须回去确定我已关好了门。

注意：make sure 后一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，使用一般现在时态表示将来。

[易混辨析]

make sure/be sure

make sure	指“务必”“确保”将某事弄清楚。	二者后面均可接of 或about的短语。
be sure	指某人对某事或对某种情况有把握，常意为“确信”。

我已了解清楚他是诚实的。

I am sure that he is honest.

我相信他是诚实的。