现在完成时的被动语态 |
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知识点详情 | ||
现在完成时的被动语态知识点包括现在完成时的被动语态的形式、现在完成时的被动语态的用法、现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项等部分,有关现在完成时的被动语态的详情如下: 现在完成时的被动语态的形式现在完成时的被动语态的基本构成是:have/has been done。但在不同的句式中,其具体形式也有所不同。 1.肯定句形式 主语+have/has+been+done+其他。如: The bridge over the Yellow River has just been completed. 黄河上的桥刚刚建成。 The chicken has been stewed for two hours. 鸡已经炖了两个小时了。 2.否定句形式 主语+have/has+not+been+done+其他。如: They haven't been told the exciting news yet, have they? 还没有告诉他们这个令人激动的消息,对吗? The secondhand car has not been sold. 这辆二手汽车还没有卖出去。 3.一般疑问形式 Have/Has+主语+been done+其他?如: —Has her work been finished? ——她的工作完成了吗? —Yes, it has. ——是的,完成了。 4.特殊疑问形式 特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+been done+其他?如: How long has the machine been used? 这台机器使用多久啦? 现在完成时的被动语态的用法1.表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成,强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果,通常与already, yet, never, recently 等副词及时间状语so far, by now, up till now, since...等连用。如: The room has already been cleaned. 房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已不用打扫房间了) The doctor hasn't been sent for yet. 还没有派人去请医生。(现在应派人去请医生) 2.表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在,并可能持续下去,常与for或since 等引导的时间状语(从句)连用,或用于how long 引导的句子中。如: The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经修了两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) How long has the project been carried out? 这项工程已实施多长时间了?(可能还会继续实施) 现在完成时的被动语态的注意事项1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即have/has 和 been,两者缺一不可。 2.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别: 一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时的被动语态侧重于表示动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但该动作或状态对现在造成了影响(或产生了结果)。如: The big fire was put out two hours ago. 大火两小时前被扑灭了。 The big fire has been put out. 大火已经被扑灭了。 3.finish, buy, start, begin, post, return, borrow, join, open 等非持续性动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如: 这个工程开始多久了? 【误】How long has this project been started? 【正】How long ago was this project started? 4.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持其完整性,不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。如: It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查了这个问题。 |
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典型例题 | ||
【第1题】
1.In the last few years thousands of films ( (produce) all over the world. 2.Shakespeare's play Hamlet (make) into at least ten different films over the past years. 3.So far about five thousand trees ( (plant) around our village. 4.The diamond mine (discover) accidentally by a little boy when he was playing hideandseek. 5.Great changes have taken place in the city, and a lot of factories ((set) up recently. |