师梦圆 [VIP精品资料介绍] 课件教案试卷说课
首页 > 知识点总结 > 高中英语

过去分词作定语和宾语补足语

知识点详情

过去分词作定语和宾语补足语知识点包括过去分词作定语、过去分词作宾语补足语等部分,有关过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的详情如下:

过去分词作定语

1.过去分词作定语时的意义

不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表示动作已完成,不表示被动的意义;及物动词的过去分词作定语表示被动意义或已完成的被动动作。

(1)只表示完成不表示被动

fallen leaves  落叶

the risen sun  升起的太阳

a retired teacher  一位退休的教师

(2)表示被动

an honored guest  一位受尊敬的客人

a guided trip  一次有导游的旅行

(3)表示被动和完成

the broken glass  碎了的杯子

the question discussed yesterday  昨天讨论的问题

a divided country  一个分裂的国家

2.过去分词作定语时的位置

(1)前置定语:单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前。

The broken vase has been thrown outside.

那个打烂的花瓶已被扔到外面去了。

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。

(2)后置定语:过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

The advice (which had been) sent to the committee was adopted.

呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written(=that has ever been written).

这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

注意:①有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。

There is little time left. Let's hurry up.

剩余的时间不多了,我们赶快吧。

②过去分词修饰代词时,应置于被修饰词之后。

He is one of those invited.

他是那些被邀请的人之一。

③有些过去分词作定语,前置和后置意义不同。试比较:

This is a used car which is worth only 5,000 yuan.

这是一辆仅值五千元的旧车。

The method used is very efficient.

所用的这个方法很有效。

④过去分词可作非限制性定语,用来补充说明被修饰词的情况,前面常用逗号与被修饰的成分隔开。

A girl, dressed like a student, came in and sat beside me.

一位学生打扮的女孩走进来,坐在我的旁边。

3.现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)过去分词与所修饰的名词之间存在动宾关系,表示一个已完成的动作。现在分词与所修饰的名词之间存在主谓关系,它表示一个正在进行的动作。

This is a letter written in black ink.

这是一封用黑墨水写的信。

There are so many people showing interest in surfing the Internet.

那么多人对上网感兴趣。

(2)过去分词作定语表示被修饰的人或相关的人的自身感受,现在分词作定语表示被修饰的人或物对别人造成的感受。

Have you noticed the surprised expression on his face?

你注意到他脸上惊讶的表情了吗?(他很惊讶)

What came to us was surprising news.

我们得到的是令人吃惊的消息。(消息令人吃惊)

过去分词作宾语补足语

过去分词(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)作宾补时,表示被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。作宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的承受者。

1.常见的过去分词作宾补的情况

(1)使役动词have,get,make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.

她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听见她说的话。

(2)感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。

I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.

刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。

When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.

我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。

(3)表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。

The father wants his daughter taught the piano.

这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。

They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.

他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的这个计划。

(4)在“with+宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。

She usually works in her study with the door locked.

她通常锁着门在书房工作。

The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.

凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。

2.过去分词作宾补与其他非谓语动词作宾补的区别

(1)及物动词的过去分词作宾补时,表示被动,说明宾语是过去分词动作的承受者;不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时,表示动作的完成,说明分词的动作发生在谓语动词之前。

We have our classroom cleaned after school every day.

每天放学后我们把教室打扫干净。(classroom与clean之间为逻辑上的被动关系)

When I got home, I found my wallet gone.

当我回到家时,我发现我的钱包丢了。(“丢”这一动作已经完成)

(2)用现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作正在进行且与宾语构成主谓关系。

When I came here, I saw Li Lei reading an English book.

当我来到这儿,我看到李蕾正在读一本英语书。(“读书”这一动作正在进行)

(3)不定式作宾补时,一般表示不定式的动作在谓语动词之后发生,但动词feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe后的不定式作宾补时(不定式的to须省略),表示不定式动作的全过程。

The teacher will have Li Lei clean the classroom today.

今天老师将让李蕾打扫教室。(Li Lei与clean之间为逻辑上的主动关系,clean这一动作发生在have之后)

I heard Wei Fang sing this song.

我听到魏芳唱了这首歌。(“我”听见了“唱”的整个过程)

典型例题
【第1题】  

专题练习

1.This is the statue of a brave soldier               (seat) on a horse, with a gun on his back.

2.Professor Jordan gave us a more             (confuse) lecture this afternoon and most of us were            (confuse).

3.He is enthusiastically talking with a man             (call) Mike.

4.The meeting             (hold) yesterday was of great importance.

5.The boy            (absorb) in his homework was my deskmate.

6.Do you know the tower            (locate) in the heart of the city?

7.There is a             (determine) look on her face.

8.The people           (link) to the robbery were put into prison.

9.The girl             (lose) in thought is second to none in maths.

10.There is a            (pollute) river near my house, giving a bad smell.

11.When he came back ten years later,he found his hometown greatly             (change).

12.I want him           (finish) the homework in time.

13.My father had had the house             (paint) before we moved in.

14.The end of the story left me            (puzzle).

15.I turned around because I heard someone             (speak) my hometown dialect.

16.The speaker raised her voice to make herself             (hear).

17.I saw them             (play) football when I passed by.

18.They kept the door             (lock) for a long time.

19.We can hear the windows             (beat) by the rain drops.

20.We must get the work             (finish) by 10 o'clock.

高中英语知识点大全

精品课件网VIP会员